7b
{Moed Katan 14b continues}
שנאמר ושמחת בחגך{Moed Katan 14b continues}
אי אבילות דמעיקרא היא אתי עשה דרבים ודחי עשה דיחיד
ואי אבילות דהשתא היא לא אתי עשה דיחיד ודחי עשה דרבים
For it is written {Devarim 16:14}
ומנודה נוהג נידוי ברגל ולא שרינן ליה עד דמפייס ליה לבעל דיניהובהכין סלקא שמעתא
דנין דיני ממונות במועד ודיני מכות ואי לא צאית דינא משמתינן ליה
And one placed in niddui {a type of ban - cherem} conducts himself in niddui on the Festival, and we do not permit him until he appeases his litigant opponent.
And from here we conclude this statement: We judge money matters on chol haMoed as well as judgments of lashes, and if he does not obey the court decision, we place him in Shamta {a type of cherem}.
{Moed Katan 15a}
And from here we conclude this statement: We judge money matters on chol haMoed as well as judgments of lashes, and if he does not obey the court decision, we place him in Shamta {a type of cherem}.
{Moed Katan 15a}
אבל אסור בתספורת מדקאמר להו רחמנא לבני אהרן ראשיכם אל תפרעו מכלל דכולי עלמא אסירי
מנודה אסור בתספורת דתניא מנודין ומצורעין אסורין לספר ולכבס
מנודה שמת בית דין סוקלין את ארונו
ר' יהודה אומר לא שיעמידו עליו גל אבנים כגלו של עכן אלא בית דין שולחין ומניחין אבן על ארונו ללמדך שכל המנודה ומת בנידויו ב"ד סוקלין את ארונו:
A mourner is forbidden in haircuts from the fact that the All-Merciful said to the children of Aharon {Vayikra 10:6} {who were now in mourning over their brothers}:
One placed in niddui is forbidden in haircuts, for they learnt {in a brayta}: Those in niddui and lepers are forbidden to have their hair cut and to wash their clothing.
One placed in niddui who dies, Bet Din stones his casket. Rabbi Yehuda says: Not that they erect for him a pile of stones like the pile of stones of Achan, but rather Bet Din sends and places a stone on his casket, to teach you that anyone who is placed in niddui and them dies in a state of niddui, Bet Din stones his casket.
One placed in niddui is forbidden in haircuts, for they learnt {in a brayta}: Those in niddui and lepers are forbidden to have their hair cut and to wash their clothing.
One placed in niddui who dies, Bet Din stones his casket. Rabbi Yehuda says: Not that they erect for him a pile of stones like the pile of stones of Achan, but rather Bet Din sends and places a stone on his casket, to teach you that anyone who is placed in niddui and them dies in a state of niddui, Bet Din stones his casket.
אבל חייב בעטיפת הראש מדקאמר רחמנא ליחזקאל לא תעטה על שפם מכלל דכולי עלמא מיחייבי
A mourner is obligated to wrap his head {in a tallit}. From the fact that the All-Merciful said to Yechezkel {Yechezkel 24:17}:
מנודה מהו בעטיפת הראשאמר רב יוסף ת"ש דתניא גבי תענית צבור והן מתעטפין ויושבין כאבלים וכמנודים עד שירחמו מן השמים
אמר ליה אביי ודילמא שאני מנודה לשמים דחמיר
הלכך מנודה לבני אדם לא מחייב בעטיפת הראש
אבל אסור להניח תפילין מדקאמר רחמנא ליחזקאל פארך חבוש עליך מכלל דכ"ע אסור ודוקא יום ראשון כדבעינן למימר קמן
One in niddui, is he required to practice wrapping of his head?
Rav Yosef said: Come and hear {a proof}. For they learnt {in a brayta} regarding a public fast -- "and they wrap themselves in a tallit and sit like mourners and people in niddui until they gain mercy from Heaven."
Abaye said to him: And perhaps one placed in niddui from Heaven {that he is not getting rain} is different in that it is more stringent?
Therefore, one placed in niddui from people is not required to wrap his head.
A mourner is forbidden to place tefillin, from the fact that the All-Merciful said to Yechezkel {same pasuk}:
Rav Yosef said: Come and hear {a proof}. For they learnt {in a brayta} regarding a public fast -- "and they wrap themselves in a tallit and sit like mourners and people in niddui until they gain mercy from Heaven."
Abaye said to him: And perhaps one placed in niddui from Heaven {that he is not getting rain} is different in that it is more stringent?
Therefore, one placed in niddui from people is not required to wrap his head.
A mourner is forbidden to place tefillin, from the fact that the All-Merciful said to Yechezkel {same pasuk}:
מנודה מהו בתפילין תיקו:
אבל אסור בשאילת שלום מדקאמר רחמנא ליחזקאל האנק דום
מנודה מהו בשאילת שלום ולא איפשוט
One placed in niddui, what is the law regarding tefillin?
The question stands {teku}.
A mourner is forbidden in asking greeting, from the fact that the All-Merciful said to Yechezkel {same pasuk}:
niddui, may he ask greeting?
And they do not resolve.
The question stands {teku}.
A mourner is forbidden in asking greeting, from the fact that the All-Merciful said to Yechezkel {same pasuk}:
niddui, may he ask greeting?
And they do not resolve.
אבל אסור בדברי תורה דקאמר רחמנא ליחזקאל האנק דום
מנודה מהו בד"ת אמר רב יוסף ת"ש מנודה שונה ושונין לו נשכר ונשכרין לו
מוחרם לא שונה ולא שונין לו לא נשכר ולא נשכרין לו
אבל שונה הוא לעצמו שלא יפסיד את תלמודו ועושה חנות קטנה כדי פרנסתו
A mourner is forbidden in words of Torah, for the All-Merciful said to Yechezkel {same pasuk}:
niddui, may he learn Torah?
Rav Yosef said: Come and hear {a proof}: One placed in niddui may teach and they may teach him, may be hired and others may hire him. One placed in cherem {a more stringent class} may not teach and they may not teach him, may not be hired and they may not be hired by him. However {since the word is aval, not avel} he may learn by himself, so as not to lose {yafsid -- our gemara has yafsik, interrupt} his learning. And he makes a small shop for his livelihood.
niddui, may he learn Torah?
Rav Yosef said: Come and hear {a proof}: One placed in niddui may teach and they may teach him, may be hired and others may hire him. One placed in cherem {a more stringent class} may not teach and they may not teach him, may not be hired and they may not be hired by him. However {since the word is aval, not avel} he may learn by himself, so as not to lose {yafsid -- our gemara has yafsik, interrupt} his learning. And he makes a small shop for his livelihood.
אמר רב חסדא זבוני מיא בפקתא דערבות
ש"מ שמותר בדברי תורה
{our gemara: and} Rav Chisda said: He sells water in the marketplace of Aravot.
We deduce from here that he is permitted in words of Torah.
אבל אסור בתכבוסת דכתיב וישלח יואב תקועה ויקח משם אשה חכמה ויאמר אליה התאבלי נא ולבשי בגדי אבלWe deduce from here that he is permitted in words of Torah.
מנודה אסור בתכבוסת דתניא מנודין ומצורעין אסורין לספר ולכבס
A mourner is forbidden in washing clothes, for it is written {II Shmuel 14:2}
niddui is forbidden in washing clothes, for they learnt {in a brayta}: Those placed in niddui and lepers are forbidden to have their hair cut and to wash their clothing.
אבל חייב בקריעה דקאמר להו רחמנא לבני אהרן בגדיכם לא תפרומו מכלל דכולי עלמא מחייביniddui is forbidden in washing clothes, for they learnt {in a brayta}: Those placed in niddui and lepers are forbidden to have their hair cut and to wash their clothing.
אמר רב תחליפא בר אבדימי אמר שמואל אבל שלא פרע ושלא פורם חייב מיתה
שנאמר ובגדיכם לא תפרומו ולא תמותו הא אחר שלא פרע ושלא פירם חייב מיתה
מנודה מהו בקריעה תיקו
A mourner is obligated in tearing {his clothing} for the All-Merciful said to the children of Aharon {Vayikra 10:6}:
Rav Tachlifa bar Avdimi cited Shmuel: A mourner who does not let his hair grow loose and his clothes rended is {figuratively} liable to death, for it is written {Vayikra 10:6}:
Rav Tachlifa bar Avdimi cited Shmuel: A mourner who does not let his hair grow loose and his clothes rended is {figuratively} liable to death, for it is written {Vayikra 10:6}:
{note that velo tamutu is also part of this derasha. we might read it thus: even though you, sons of Aharon, are not letting your hair loose and you are not rending your clothes, you still will not die -- others would in such a situation.}
Thus, someone else who did not let his hair grow loose and did not rend is liable to death.
Is one placed in niddui required to tear?
The question stands {teku}.
{Moed Katan 15b}
Thus, someone else who did not let his hair grow loose and did not rend is liable to death.
Is one placed in niddui required to tear?
The question stands {teku}.
{Moed Katan 15b}
אבל חייב בכפיית המטה
דתנא בר קפרא דמות דיוקני נתתי בכם ובעונותיכם הפכתיה יהפכו מטתכם עליה
A mourner is obligated is turning of the bed. For bar Kapara taught {tna}: A similarity to My visage I have given in you, and for your sins you have turned it over. Therefore turn your beds over because of it.
מנודה מהו בכפיית המטה תיקו
וכל תיקו דאמרי' בהאי ענינא לקולא
One placed in niddui, is he required to turn over the bed?
The question stands {teku}.
And all tekus that we say in this matter are towards leniency {that we do not require it}.
The question stands {teku}.
And all tekus that we say in this matter are towards leniency {that we do not require it}.
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