Rif Shabbat 8a

HIDE/SHOW IMAGE
8a

{Shabbat 19a continues}
Rabbi Yossi beRabbi Chanina said: It is Rabbi Yishmael.
For they learnt {tnan}:

[In the case of] garlic, half-ripe grapes, and parched ears [of grain] were crushed before sunset,

Rabbi Yishmael says: One may finish them at night.

Rabbi Akiva says: One may not finish them [at night].

{Shabbat 19b}
And they {Amoraim} said upon this:
Rabba bar bar Chana {our gemara: Rava bar Chanina} cited Rabbi Yochanan: When they still require crushing, all agree that it is forbidden. When do they argue? When they require pounding {a later stage in the process}. [And here too they are considered lacking crushing {see inside}.]
Rabbi Yossi beRabbi Chanina rules in accordance with Rabbi Yishmael.

As to the oil belonging to the pressers, and the mats of the pressers, Rav forbade it and Shmuel permitted it.

By way of explanation, "oil of the pressers" refers to the oil which goes out from under the beam of the olive press on Shabbat, and "mats of the pressers" refers to the mats {they use to cover the olives} which are muktza in the olive presses.
{Rashi: Rav holds like Rabbi Yehuda regarding muktza and thus it is forbidden, and Shmuel holds like Rabbi Shimon who does not have this particular din of muktza.}

As to coupled mattings, Rav forbade it and Shmuel permitted it.

By way of explanation, "coupled mattings" are rolled up and resting {for protection} over the merchandise, and are tied into pairs of two each, and are called zugei {pairs}.

And the halacha is like Shmuel who permits, for he holds like Rabbi Shimon who does not have muktza.

Rav Nachman said: As to a goat [kept] for its milk, a ewe for its shearings, a fowl for its eggs, dates for trading, and oxen for plowing, it is a dispute between Rabbi Shimon and Rabbi Yehuda.

For Rabbi Yehuda has {the law of} muktza and Rabbi Shimon does not have muktza, and we establish like Rabbi Shimon in regard to Shabbat, for we explicitly rule in accordance with him at the end of perek Mi SheHechshich, and furthermore, we say {on this daf, on Shabbat 19b} that the certain student who ruled in Charta in Argiz {this is in Southern Bavel on the right arm of the Euphrates} like Rabbi Shimon, and Rav Huna {our gemara: Rav Hamnuna} excommunicated him, and we do in fact hold like Rabbi Shimon, but this was the place of Rav, and in the place of Rav he should not have done this, and we deduce from here that the halacha is like Rabbi Shimon.

MISHNAH.
MEAT, ONION[S], AND EGG[S] MAY NOT BE ROASTED UNLESS THEY CAN BE ROASTED WHILE IT IS YET DAY.

BREAD MAY NOT BE PUT INTO AN OVEN JUST BEFORE NIGHTFALL, NOR A CAKE UPON COALS, UNLESS ITS SURFACE CAN FORM A CRUST WHILE IT IS YET DAY;

R. ELEAZAR SAID: THERE MUST BE TIME FOR THE BOTTOM [SURFACE] THEREOF TO FORM A CRUST.

{Shabbat 20a}
Gemara:
And how much is that "THEY CAN BE ROASTED"?
R Zerika cited Rabbi Ilai who cited Rav {we have R Eleazar citing Rav in our gemara}: like the food of Ben Drusai.
{Rashi: he was a robber who cooked his food 1/3.}

It was also stated {by Amoraim}:
Rav Assi cited Rabbi Yochanan: Whatever is as the food of the son of Derusai's not subject to [the interdict of] the cooking of Gentiles.

MISHNA:
THE PASSOVER SACRIFICE MAY BE LOWERED INTO THE OVEN JUST BEFORE NIGHTFALL {and left to roast on Shabbat}; AND THE FIRE MAY BE LIGHTED WITH CHIPS IN THE PILE IN THE CHAMBER OF THE HEARTH {a room in the Bet HaMikdash where the Kohanim warmed themselves}; BUT IN THE COUNTRY {that is, not in the Bet Hamikdash} THERE MUST BE TIME FOR THE FIRE TO TAKE HOLD OF ITS {the logs'} GREATER PART.
R. JUDAH SAID: IN THE CASE OF CHARCOAL, JUST A LITTLE [SUFFICES] {that is, just a little of it began to burn}

Gemara:
"MAY BE LOWERED":
What is the reason?
Because the members of the company are extremely careful, and they will not come to stir the coals.

"AND THE FIRE MAY BE LIGHTED WITH CHIPS IN THE PILE IN THE CHAMBER OF THE HEARTH":
What is the reason?
For Kohanim are extremely careful.