Rif Brachot 20b

20b

{Brachot 30a continued}
Rav Chisda said: While standing {still}, and Rav Sheshet said: while traveling.
And like Rav Chisda, who said "while standing," is better, for Rav Sheshet also stood and prayed. He said: if you can be good, do not be called bad.

What distinctions are there between Havineinu and the short prayer?
Havineinu requires the first three and last three {blessings of Shemoneh Esrei}, and when he raches a settled area {that it, he reaches his home}, he need not pray again.
The short prayer, he needs no first three or last three, and when he reaches a settled area, he must pray again.
Havineinu {is said} standing {still}; the short prayer, even while travelling.

However, we heard that one should only pray Havineinu in time of duress, such as when he is travelling in the wildreness and the like.

Mishna:
IF HE IS RIDING ON AN DONKEY HE DISMOUNTS AND PRAYS.
IF HE IS UNABLE TO DISMOUNT HE SHOULD TURN HIS FACE [TOWARDS JERUSALEM]; AND IF HE CANNOT TURN HIS FACE HE SHOULD CONCENTRATE HIS THOUGHTS ON THE HOLY OF HOLIES.
IF HE IS TRAVELLING IN A SHIP OR ON A RAFT, HE SHOULD CONCENTRATE HIS THOUGHTS ON THE HOLY OF HOLIES.

Gemara:
The Sages learnt {in a brayta}: If one was riding on a donkey and the time of prayer arrived, if he has someone to hold his donkey, he dismounts and prays. If not, he sits where he is and prays. Rabbi says: In either case he may sit where he is and pray, because [otherwise] his mind will not be settled.
Rabba bar bar Chana {the gemara: Rav}, and some say Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi said: The halacha is like Rabbi.

The Sages learnt {in a brayta}: A blind man or one who cannot tell the cardinal points {North, South, etc.} should direct his heart towards his Father in Heaven, as it says in I Kings 8:44:

מד כִּי-יֵצֵא עַמְּךָ לַמִּלְחָמָה עַל-אֹיְבוֹ, בַּדֶּרֶךְ אֲשֶׁר תִּשְׁלָחֵם; וְהִתְפַּלְלוּ אֶל-ה, דֶּרֶךְ הָעִיר אֲשֶׁר בָּחַרְתָּ בָּהּ, וְהַבַּיִת, אֲשֶׁר-בָּנִתִי לִשְׁמֶךָ.

44 If Thy people go out to battle against their enemy, by whatsoever way Thou shalt send them, and they pray unto the LORD toward the city which Thou hast chosen, and toward the house which I have built for Thy name;

If one is standing outside of Eretz Yisrael {the land of Israel}, he should direct his heart towards Eretz Israel, as it says in I Kings 8:48:

מח וְשָׁבוּ אֵלֶיךָ, בְּכָל-לְבָבָם וּבְכָל-נַפְשָׁם, בְּאֶרֶץ אֹיְבֵיהֶם, אֲשֶׁר-שָׁבוּ אֹתָם; וְהִתְפַּלְלוּ אֵלֶיךָ, דֶּרֶךְ אַרְצָם אֲשֶׁר נָתַתָּה לַאֲבוֹתָם, הָעִיר אֲשֶׁר בָּחַרְתָּ, וְהַבַּיִת אֲשֶׁר-בנית (בָּנִיתִי) לִשְׁמֶךָ.

48 if they return unto Thee with all their heart and with all their soul in the land of their enemies, who carried them captive, and pray unto Thee toward their land, which Thou gavest unto their fathers, the city which Thou hast chosen, and the house which I have built for Thy name;

If he stands in Eretz Israel he should direct his heart towards Yerushalayim, as it says pasuk 44 above: והתפללו אל העיר הזאת
{The pasuk actually says:}

מד כִּי-יֵצֵא עַמְּךָ לַמִּלְחָמָה עַל-אֹיְבוֹ, בַּדֶּרֶךְ אֲשֶׁר תִּשְׁלָחֵם; וְהִתְפַּלְלוּ אֶל-ה, דֶּרֶךְ הָעִיר אֲשֶׁר בָּחַרְתָּ בָּהּ, וְהַבַּיִת, אֲשֶׁר-בָּנִתִי לִשְׁמֶךָ.

44 If Thy people go out to battle against their enemy, by whatsoever way Thou shalt send them, and they pray unto the LORD toward the city which Thou hast chosen, and toward the house which I have built for Thy name;

If he is standing in Yerushalayim, he should direct his heart towards the Bet HaMikdash {Temple}, as it says, in I Kings 8:42:

מב כִּי יִשְׁמְעוּן, אֶת-שִׁמְךָ הַגָּדוֹל, וְאֶת-יָדְךָ הַחֲזָקָה, וּזְרֹעֲךָ הַנְּטוּיָה; וּבָא וְהִתְפַּלֵּל, אֶל-הַבַּיִת הַזֶּה.

42 for they shall hear of Thy great name, and of Thy mighty hand, and of Thine outstretched arm--when he shall come and pray toward this house;

If he is standing in the Bet HaMikdash, he should direct his heart towards the Holy of Holies, as it says in I Kings 8:35:

לה בְּהֵעָצֵר שָׁמַיִם וְלֹא-יִהְיֶה מָטָר, כִּי יֶחֶטְאוּ-לָךְ; וְהִתְפַּלְלוּ אֶל-הַמָּקוֹם הַזֶּה, וְהוֹדוּ אֶת-שְׁמֶךָ, וּמֵחַטָּאתָם יְשׁוּבוּן, כִּי תַעֲנֵם.

35 When heaven is shut up, and there is no rain, when they do sin against Thee; if they pray toward this place, and confess Thy name, and turn from their sin, when Thou dost afflict them;

{If he was standing in the Holy of Holies he should direct his heart towards the kaporet {mercy-seat}. -- Rif omits this.}

If he was standing behind the kaporet he should imagine himself to be in front of the kaporet. Consequently, if he is in the north he should turn his face to the south; if in the south he should turn his face to the north; if he is in the west he should turn his face to the east; if in the east he should turn his face to the west. In this way all Israel will be turning their hearts towards one place.

Rabbi Avin, and some say Ravina, said: what is the Scriptural source?
It states in Shir HaShirim 4:4:

ד כְּמִגְדַּל דָּוִיד צַוָּארֵךְ, בָּנוּי לְתַלְפִּיּוֹת; אֶלֶף הַמָּגֵן תָּלוּי עָלָיו, כֹּל שִׁלְטֵי הַגִּבֹּרִים.

4 Thy neck is like the tower of David builded with turrets, whereon there hang a thousand shields, all the armour of the mighty men.

{Talpiyot is taken as} The tel {=elevation=the Temple Mount} to which all turn {poneh}. {This reflects a variant of the gemara. The alternative is the tel to which all mouths (piyot) turn.}

MISHNAH.
R. ELEAZAR B. AZARIAH SAYS: THE MUSAF PRAYERS ARE TO BE SAID ONLY WITH THE LOCAL CONGREGATION;
THE RABBIS, HOWEVER, SAY: WHETHER WITH OR WITH OUT THE CONGREGATION.
R. JUDAH SAID IN HIS {R. ELEAZAR B. AZARIAH's} NAME: WHEREVER THERE IS A CONGREGATION, AN INDIVIDUAL IS EXEMPT FROM SAYING THE MUSAF PRAYER.

{Brachot 30b}
Gemara:
Rabbi Chanina the teacher of Scripture sat before Rabbi Yannai. And he sat, and said: The halacha is like Rabbi Yehuda citing Rabbi Eleazar ben Azarya.
He {Rabbi Yanai} said to him: Go out and read your Scriptures outside, for the halacha is NOT like Rabbi Yehuda citing Rabbi Eleazar ben Azarya.

Rabbi Yochanan said: I saw Rabbi Yannai praying {privately} and then praying again. {This would then seem to be first Shacharit and then Musaf.}
Rabbi Yirmiya said to Rabbi Zera: Perhaps the first time he did not {properly} direct his thoughts intent {and was thus repeating Shacharit}, and now he directed his thoughts.
He said to him {Rabbi Zera to Rabbi Yirmiya}: Come and see the great man {Rabbi Yochanan} who testified about him {and thus, he did not likely make this mistake}.

How much time should one wait between prayers? Rav Huna and Rav Chisda: One said