Rif Pesachim 6a {Pesachim 25a continues ... 25b}

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6a

{Pesachim 25a continues}
{Devarim 6:5, the second pasuk of Shema:}

ה וְאָהַבְתָּ, אֵת ה אֱלֹקֶיךָ, בְּכָל-לְבָבְךָ וּבְכָל-נַפְשְׁךָ, וּבְכָל-מְאֹדֶךָ.

5 And thou shalt love the LORD thy God with all thy heart, and with all thy soul, and with all thy might.

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If it is stated בְכָל-נַפְשְׁךָ - "with all your soul," why is it stated בְכָל-מְאֹדֶךָ, "with all your might?" And if it is stated בְכָל-מְאֹדֶךָ, why is it stated בְכָל-נַפְשְׁךָ? To say to you: If you have a man whose money is dearer to him than his body {=life}, therefore it is stated בְכָל-מְאֹדֶךָ. And if you have a man whose body is dearer to him than his money, therefore it is stated בְכָל-נַפְשְׁךָ.
{And this idea of loving God more than your own life is the derivation for not being healed via the wood of an idolatrous Ashera tree even in case of mortal danger.}

When Ravin came {from Eretz Yisrael} he cited Rabbi Yochanan: With anything one may be healed, save via idolatry, sexual impropriety, and bloodshed.
{Pesachim 25b}
Idolatry, as we have said. Sexual impropriety and bloodshed, why? As they learnt {in a brayta}: {Devarim 22:26}:

כה וְאִם-בַּשָּׂדֶה יִמְצָא הָאִישׁ, אֶת-הַנַּעֲרָ הַמְאֹרָשָׂה, וְהֶחֱזִיק-בָּהּ הָאִישׁ, וְשָׁכַב עִמָּהּ: וּמֵת, הָאִישׁ אֲשֶׁר-שָׁכַב עִמָּהּ--לְבַדּוֹ.	25 But if the man find the damsel that is betrothed in the field, and the man take hold of her, and lie with her; then the man only that lay with her shall die.
כו וְלַנַּעֲרָ לֹא-תַעֲשֶׂה דָבָר, אֵין לַנַּעֲרָ חֵטְא מָוֶת: כִּי כַּאֲשֶׁר יָקוּם אִישׁ עַל-רֵעֵהוּ, וּרְצָחוֹ נֶפֶשׁ--כֵּן, הַדָּבָר הַזֶּה.	26 But unto the damsel thou shalt do nothing; there is in the damsel no sin worthy of death; for as when a man riseth against his neighbour, and slayeth him, even so is this matter.

Now, what does a murderer have to do with a betrothed damsel {who was raped}? Rather, this come to teach and we end up learning something about it. We connect a murderer to a betrothed damsel. Just as a betrothed damsel, she must be saved {from rape} even at the cost of his {=the rapist's} life, so too by a murderer, he {=the victim} must be saved even at the cost of his {=the murderer's} life. And the betrothed damsel is connected to the murderer. Just as in the case of the murderer, one must be killed rather than violate {by killing someone else}, so too a betrothed damsel, she must be killed rather than violate.

{Thus both by sexual impropriety and bloodshed, one must be prepared to surrender one's life rather than violate. We derived this in the case of sexual impropriety from the case of bloodshed.}
The murderer itself, how do we know {that one must surrender one's life rather than killing another}?
It is logical.