Monday, October 24, 2005

Rif Eruvin 6b {Eruvin 21a continues ... 23b}



HIDE/SHOW IMAGE
6b
{Eruvin 21a continues}
They say that you travel from Barnish to the synagogue of Daniel, which is a distance of 3 parsa {=more than techum Shabbat}. Upon what do you rely? Upon isolated huts? But your father's father, citing Rav, said that the law of isolated huts does not apply in Bavel! {In response,} He went out and showed him {ruined} settlements that were within the radius of seventy cubits and a fraction from the town {which would extend the city before the techum began}.

{Eruvin 23a}
Mishna:
And Rabbi Yehuda ben Bava further said: In a garden or a wood-shed, which is 70 cubits and a fraction X 70 cubits and a fraction, surrounded by a wall 10 handbreadths high, one may carry therein, provided there is a watchman's hut or a dwelling place, or that it is near to a town.
Rabbi Yehuda says: Even if it contains only a cistern, ditch, or cave, one may carry therein.
Rabbi Akiva says: Even if there is not one of any of the aforementioned, one may carry therein, provided it is only 70 cubits and a fraction X 70 cubits and a fraction.

Rabbi Eliezer says: If its length exceeds its width even a single cubit, we may not carry therein.
Rabbi Yossi says: Even if its length is twice its width, we may carry therein.

{Eruvin 23b}
Gemara:
Rabbi Akiva is identical with the Tanna Kamma {=the Sages on the Mishna, 18b, who made a similar statement with no qualifications}!
This is the difference between them: A small area.
For they learnt {in a brayta}: Rabbi Yehuda says: {A bet satayim} exceeds by a small area 70 cubits and a fraction, but the Sages did not give an exact dimension. And how much is satayim? Like the courtyard of the Mishkan.

"Rabbi Eliezer says {If its length exceeds its width even a single cubit}...":
But we learnt {in a brayta}: If its length is exceeds twice its width by even a single cubit, we may not carry therein.
Rav Bibi bar Abaye said: In our Mishna, learn also more than twice its width.
If so, this is identical with Rabbi Yossi!
This is the distinction between them: in terms of the square area of the Sages.

To explain: It is a reference to this that we learnt {in the Mishna in Eruvin 49b}: {The techum of 2000 cubits is a radius of 2000 cubits from his spot - that is, it is} round - these are the words of Rabbi Chanina ben Antigonus. And the Sages say that it is squared out like a square tablet, such that he profits the corners {which strictly speaking are more than 2000 cubits from where he stands}.
According to Rabbi Eliezer who said that if its length exceeds twice its width by even a single cubit, we may not carry therein, we measure its diagonal, and if its diagonal exceeds twice its width by even a single cubit, we may not carry therein, for he holds like Rabbi Chanina ben Antigonus who says that we need a circular techum Shabbat {defined by the radius - thus, the radius horizontally is matches to the diagonal radius} and not squared. And according to Rabbi Yossi, we measure it in its rectangular dimensions, for he holds like the Sages who say it {the techum} is square. Therefore, if its length is equal twice its width, like the courtyard of the Mishkan, as it states {Shemot 27:18}:

יח אֹרֶךְ הֶחָצֵר מֵאָה בָאַמָּה וְרֹחַב חֲמִשִּׁים בַּחֲמִשִּׁים, וְקֹמָה חָמֵשׁ אַמּוֹת--שֵׁשׁ מָשְׁזָר; וְאַדְנֵיהֶם, נְחֹשֶׁת. 18 The length of the court shall be a hundred cubits, and the breadth fifty every where, and the height five cubits, of fine twined linen, and their sockets of brass.
we may carry therein, and if it exceeds this, we may not carry therein.
And the reason of Rabbi Chanina ben Antigonus and the reason of the Sages in this dispute is detailed in perek Mi sheHotziuhu Nochrim {in Eruvin 51a} that we learn the 2000 cubits as the techum Shabbat via a gezera shava from this pasuk {Bemidbar 35:5}:
ה וּמַדֹּתֶם מִחוּץ לָעִיר, אֶת-פְּאַת-קֵדְמָה אַלְפַּיִם בָּאַמָּה וְאֶת-פְּאַת-נֶגֶב אַלְפַּיִם בָּאַמָּה וְאֶת-פְּאַת-יָם אַלְפַּיִם בָּאַמָּה וְאֵת פְּאַת צָפוֹן אַלְפַּיִם בָּאַמָּה--וְהָעִיר בַּתָּוֶךְ; זֶה יִהְיֶה לָהֶם, מִגְרְשֵׁי הֶעָרִים. 5 And ye shall measure without the city for the east side two thousand cubits, and for the south side two thousand cubits, and for the west side two thousand cubits, and for the north side two thousand cubits, the city being in the midst. This shall be to them the open land about the cities.
Rabbi Chanina ben Antigonus says {same pasuk}:

ה וּמַדֹּתֶם מִחוּץ לָעִיר, אֶת-פְּאַת-קֵדְמָה אַלְפַּיִם בָּאַמָּה וְאֶת-פְּאַת-נֶגֶב אַלְפַּיִם בָּאַמָּה וְאֶת-פְּאַת-יָם אַלְפַּיִם בָּאַמָּה וְאֵת פְּאַת צָפוֹן אַלְפַּיִם בָּאַמָּה--וְהָעִיר בַּתָּוֶךְ; זֶה יִהְיֶה לָהֶם, מִגְרְשֵׁי הֶעָרִים. 5 And ye shall measure without the city for the east side two thousand cubits, and for the south side two thousand cubits, and for the west side two thousand cubits, and for the north side two thousand cubits, the city being in the midst. This shall be to them the open land about the cities.
To these {lezeh} you shall give corners {peot - mentioned earlier in the pasuk}, and you do not give corners to those establishing rest on Shabbat {in terms of techum, etc}. And the Sages hold - zeh - like this do shall be for all who establish rest on Shabbat.

{Eruvin 23b}
It was stated {by Amoraim}:
Rav Yosef cited Rav Yehuda who cited Shmuel: The halacha is like Rabbi Yossi.
And Rav Bibi cited Rav Nachman who cited Shmuel: The halacha is like Rabbi Akiva.
And both intend leniency, and both are needed. For if I only let it be heard that the halacha is like Rabbi Yossi, I would have believed that this is only provided there is a watchman's hut or a dwelling place {like Rabbi Yehuda ben Bava}. Therefore he informs us that the halacha is like Rabbi Akiva {that the aforementioned need not be present}.

No comments: