Rif Shabbat 58b {Shabbat 140b continues ... 141b}

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58b

{Shabbat 140b continues}
Thus we may deduce from this that they disagree in both.

Rav Chisda said: They differ in respect of a vessel manger, but all hold that a ground manger is forbidden.

"ONE MAY TAKE [FODDER] FROM ONE ANIMAL":
One brayta taught: One may take [fodder] from before an animal that is fastidious and place [it] before an animal that is not fastidious; while another brayta taught: One may take [fodder] from before an animal that is not fastidious and place [it] before an animal that is fastidious.

Abaye said: Both [Baraithas hold] that one may not take from an ox [and place it] before an ass, but from an ass [to put] before an ox, one may take.

Now, when it is taught, 'One may take from before an animal that is fastidious', it refers to an ass, which does not drop saliva [into its food]; 'and place [it] before an animal that is not fastidious', to a cow,
{Shabbat 141a}
which drops saliva.
And when it is taught, 'One may take [fodder] from before an animal that is not fastidious', it refers to an ass, which is not particular about what it eats; 'and put [it] before an animal that is fastidious,' to a cow, which is particular about what it eats.

MISHNA:
ONE MUST NOT MOVE STRAW [LYING] UPON A BED WITH HIS HAND, YET HE MAY MOVE IT WITH HIS BODY.
BUT IF IT IS FODDER FOR ANIMALS, OR A PILLOW OR A SHEET WAS UPON IT BEFORE NIGHTFALL, HE MAY MOVE IT WITH HIS HAND.

ONE MAY UNDO A HOUSEHOLDER'S CLOTHES PRESS, BUT NOT FORCE IT DOWN.
{The two boards of the press fitted on to four perforated rods: the upper board was pressed down and pegs were inserted in the holes to keep it there. The press may be undone by withdrawing these pegs, because the clothes are required for Shabbat. One may not force it down to start pressing, because it is needed for after Shabbat.}

BUT A LAUNDERER'S [PRESS] MAY NOT BE TOUCHED.
{This was screwed down very tightly, and undoing it would resemble taking a utensil to pieces.}
R. JUDAH SAID: IF IT WAS UNDONE BEFORE SHABBAT, ONE MAY UNFASTEN THE WHOLE AND REMOVE IT.

Gemara:
Rav Nachman said: A radish, if it is the right way up, it is permitted; if it is reversed, it is forbidden.

For he holds that moving {tiltul} from the side {min hatzad} is called moving -- and the halacha is not so, but rather whether right side up or wrong side up it is permitted, for Rav Nachman retracted in perek Kol HaKeilim {Shabbat 123a} and says that moving from the side is not called moving.

Rav Yehuda said: To crush peppergrains one by one with a knife-handle is permitted; in twos, it is forbidden. {because then, it looks like grinding}

Rava said: Since he does it in a different way {from usual, that is via a mill or mortar}, crushing even many [is permitted] too.

Some establish this discussion as referring to Shabbat, and some to Yom Tov. And it is logical to establish it as referring to Shabbat, for no one would say that we would require one to crush peppergrains one by one with a knife-handle on Yom Tov.

And Rav Yehuda said: if one bathes in water, he should first dry himself {the parts of his body not in water} and then ascend, lest he come to carry four cubits in a karmelith.

If so, when he enters too, his force propels the water four cubits, which is forbidden?
They did not prohibit one's force in a karmelith.

Abaye, and some say Rav Yehuda, said: One may scrape off the clay from his foot on to the ground, but not on to a wall.
Rava said: Why not on to a wall? because It looks like building? but it is ignorant building?!
Rather, Rava said: He may scrape it off on to a wall but not on to the ground, lest he come to level holes.

It was stated {by Amoraim}:
Mar the son of Ravina said: Both are forbidden.
Rav Papa said: Both are permitted.

But according to Mar son of Ravina, whereon shall he scrape it? He scrapes it on a plank.

There is one who says that the halacha is like Mar the son of Ravina, because they explain his words {the plank comment}. And the Baal Halachot rules like Rav Papa.

And Rava said: One must not bend sideways a cask [which is standing] on the ground, lest he come to level hollows..

Rava said: A man should not sit by a stake {a lechi at the entrance to an alley, whereby carrying therein is permitted}, lest an article roll away from him {out of the alley into the public domain} and he come to fetch it.

And Rava said: One must not squeeze a cloth stopper into the mouth of a jug, lest he come to wring [it] out.

Rav Kahana said: As for the clay [mire] on one's garment, he may rub off from the inside but not from the outside.
{In the latter case he looks as though he desires to wash the garment, though it is not actual washing.}

And it is permitted to scrape it with his fingernail.

{Shabbat 141b}
Rabbi Chiyya taught {tanei}: One must not scrape either a new shoe or all old one, nor must he rub his foot with oil while it is in the shoe or sandal;