Rif Shabbat 45b {Shabbat 121a continues... 121b}

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45b

{Shabbat 121a continues}
BECAUSE HIS RESTING IS NOT OUR OBLIGATION.
BUT IF A MINOR COMES TO EXTINGUISH, WE MUST NOT PERMIT HIM, BECAUSE HIS RESTING IS OUR OBLIGATION.

Gemara:
Rabbi Ammi said: In the case of a conflagration they [the Rabbis] permitted one to announce, 'Whoever extinguishes [it] will not lose [thereby].'

The Sages learnt {in a brayta}: It once happened that a fire broke out in the courtyard of Yoseph ben Simai, and the men of the garrison at Sepphoris came to extinguish it, because he was a steward of the king. But he did not permit them, in honour of the Sabbath, and a miracle happened on his behalf, rain descended and extinguished [it]. In the evening he sent two sela' to each of them, and fifty to their captain. But when the Sages heard of it they said, He did not need this, for we learnt: IF A GENTILE COMES TO EXTINGUISH, WE DO NOT SAY TO HIM, 'EXTINGUISH' OR 'DO NOT EXTINGUISH'.

MISHNA:
A DISH MAY BE INVERTED OVER A LAMP, THAT THE BEAMS SHOULD NOT CATCH [FIRE], AND OVER AN INFANT'S EXCREMENT, AND OVER A SCORPION, THAT IT SHOULD NOT BITE.

R. JUDAH SAID: AN INCIDENT CAME BEFORE R. JOHANAN B. ZAKKAI IN ARAB {near Tzippori}, AND HE SAID, I FEAR ON HIS ACCOUNT [THAT HE MAY BE LIABLE TO] A SIN-OFFERING.

Gemara:
"AND OVER AN INFANT'S EXCREMENT":
We establish this as referring to the excrement of chickens, {and we cover it} on behalf of a child, such that he not be injured by it, and to another courtyard,
But excrement of chickens and humans, and within the same courtyard, it is permitted to sweep it and bring it out to the privy, for sweepings of excrement, it is permitted to move it and to bring it out.

Five may be killed on the Sabbath, and these are they: the Egyptian fly, the hornet of Nineweh, the scorpion of Adiabene {=a district of Assyria between the rivers Lycus and Caprus}, the snake in the land of Israel, and a mad dog anywhere.
And the remainder of injurious animals, if they are pursuing him it is permitted to kill them, according to everyone {that is, it is not a Tannaitic dispute}.

The Sages learnt {in a brayta}: If one chances upon snakes and scorpions, and he kills them, it is manifest that he had chanced upon them in order to kill them; if he does not kill them, it is manifest that he had chanced upon them that they should kill him, but that a miracle was performed by Heaven on his behalf.
Ulla said: — others state, Rabbah bar bar Channa {our gemara: in the name of Rabbi Yochanan}: That is when they hiss at him.

Rav Yehuda said: One can tread down saliva incidentally {lefi tumo}.
Rav Sheshet said: One can tread down a snake incidentally.
Rav Kattina said: One may tread down a scorpion incidentally.