Rif Shabbat 37a

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37a

{Shabbat 102a}
MISHNA:
IF ONE THROWS [AN ARTICLE] AND RECALLS [THAT IT IS THE SABBATH] AFTER IT LEAVES HIS HAND, AND ANOTHER CATCHES IT, OR A DOG CATCHES IT, OR IT IS BURNT, HE IS NOT LIABLE.

IF ONE THROWS [AN ARTICLE] IN ORDER TO INFLICT A WOUND, WHETHER IN MAN OR IN BEAST, AND HE RECALLS [THAT IT IS THE SABBATH] BEFORE THE WOUND IS INFLICTED. HE IS NOT LIABLE.

THIS IS THE GENERAL PRINCIPLE: ALL WHO ARE LIABLE TO SIN-OFFERINGS ARE LIABLE ONLY IF THE BEGINNING AND THE END [OF THE FORBIDDEN ACTION] ARE UNWITTING.
IF THEIR BEGINNING IS UNWITTING WHILE THEIR END IS WILFUL, IF THEIR BEGINNING IS WILFUL WHILE THEIR END IS UNWITTING. THEY ARE NOT LIABLE, UNLESS THEIR BEGINNING AND END ARE UNWITTING.

END PEREK ELEVEN

BEGIN PEREK TWELVE

{Shabbat 102b}
MISHNA:
IF ONE BUILDS HOW MUCH MUST HE BUILD TO BE CULPABLE? HE WHO BUILDS HOWEVER LITTLE, AND HE WHO CHISELS, AND HE WHO STRIKES WITH A HAMMER OR WITH AN ADZE, AND HE WHO BORES [A HOLE], HOWEVER LITTLE, IS CULPABLE.

THIS IS THE GENERAL PRINCIPLE: WHOEVER DOES WORK ON THE SABBATH AND HIS WORK ENDURES, IS CULPABLE.
R. SIMEON B. GAMALIEL SAID: HE TOO IS CULPABLE WHO BEATS WITH THE SLEDGE HAMMER ON THE ANVIL AT THE TIME OF HIS WORK, BECAUSE HE IS AS ONE WHO IMPROVES HIS WORK.

Gemara:
If one makes a hole in a hencoop {for ventilation} —
Rav said: [He is culpable] on account of building;
while Shmuel said: On account of beating with a hammer.

If one inserts a pin {shufta} through the eyelet of a spade {kopina deMara}.
{the pin passed through the handle and made it fast to the blade}

{The Rif offers the following explanation:} To explain: inserts a spade into its wood {handle}.

Rav said: [He is culpable] on account of building;
while Shmuel said: On account of beating with a hammer.

{Shabbat 103a}
MISHNA:
HE WHO PLOUGHS, HOWEVER LITTLE, HE WHO WEEDS AND HE WHO TRIMS [TREES], AND HE WHO CUTS OFF YOUNG SHOOTS, HOWEVER LITTLE, IS CULPABLE.

HE WHO GATHERS TIMBER: IF IN ORDER TO EFFECT AN IMPROVEMENT, [THE STANDARD OF CULPABILITY IS] HOWEVER LITTLE;
IF FOR FUEL, AS MUCH AS IS REQUIRED FOR BOILING A LIGHT EGG.

IF ONE COLLECTS GRASS, IF TO EFFECT AN IMPROVEMENT, [THE STANDARD OF CULPABILITY IS] HOWEVER LITTLE;
IF FOR AN ANIMAL['S FODDER], A KID'S MOUTHFUL.

HE WHO WRITES TWO LETTERS, WHETHER WITH HIS RIGHT OR WITH HIS LEFT HAND, OF THE SAME DESIGNATION OR OF TWO DESIGNATIONS {the same letter twice or two separate letters} OR IN TWO PIGMENTS, IN ANY LANGUAGE, IS CULPABLE.
SAID R. JOSE: THEY DECLARED ONE CULPABLE [FOR WRITING] TWO LETTERS ONLY BECAUSE [HE MAKES] A MARK, BECAUSE THUS DID THEY WRITE ON EACH BOARD OF THE TABERNACLE, TO KNOW WHICH WAS ITS COMPANION.
R. JUDAH SAID: WE FIND A SHORT NAME [FORMING PART] OF A LONG NAME: SHEM {שמ} AS PART OF SHIME'ON OR SHEMUEL, NOAH {נח} AS PART OF NAHOR, DAN {דנ} AS PART OF DANIEL, {גד} GAD AS PART OF GADDI'EL.