Rif Shabbat 44a {Shabbat 117b continues ... Shabbat 119a}

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44a

{Shabbat 117b continues}
{Shemot 16:25}:

כה וַיֹּאמֶר מֹשֶׁה אִכְלֻהוּ הַיּוֹם, כִּי-שַׁבָּת הַיּוֹם לַה: הַיּוֹם, לֹא תִמְצָאֻהוּ בַּשָּׂדֶה.

25 And Moses said: 'Eat that to-day; for to-day is a sabbath unto the LORD; to-day ye shall not find it in the field.

Rabbi Chidka holds that these three occurrences of הַיּוֹם {today} exclude that {meal} of the night, and the Sages hold that among them is the night {meal}.

And the halacha is like the Sages.

{Shabbat 118a}
The Sages learnt {in a brayta}: The plates in which one eats in the evening [Friday night] may be washed for eating in them in the morning; [those which are used] in the morning may be washed to eat in them at midday; [those used] at midday are washed to eat in them at minchah; but from minchah and onwards they may no longer he washed; but goblets, [drink-]ladles and flasks, one may go on washing [them] all day, because there is no fixed time for drinking.

Rabbi Shimon ben Pazi cited Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi who cited bar Kappara: He who observes [the practice of] three meals on Shabbat is saved from three evils: the travails of the Messiah, the retribution of Gehinnom, and the wars of Gog and Magog. It is written here yom {day} and it is written there {Malachi 3:23, the second to last pasuk of sefer Malachi}:

כג הִנֵּה אָנֹכִי שֹׁלֵחַ לָכֶם, אֵת אֵלִיָּה הַנָּבִיא--לִפְנֵי, בּוֹא יוֹם ה, הַגָּדוֹל, וְהַנּוֹרָא.

23 Behold, I will send you Elijah the prophet before the coming of the great and terrible day of the LORD.

from the retribution of Gehinnom: It is written here yom, and it is written there {Tzefaniah 1:15}:

טו יוֹם עֶבְרָה, הַיּוֹם הַהוּא: יוֹם צָרָה וּמְצוּקָה, יוֹם שֹׁאָה וּמְשׁוֹאָה, יוֹם חֹשֶׁךְ וַאֲפֵלָה, יוֹם עָנָן וַעֲרָפֶל.

15 That day is a day of wrath, a day of trouble and distress, a day of wasteness and desolation, a day of darkness and gloominess, a day of clouds and thick darkness,

and the war of Gog and Magog, for it is written here yom, and it is written there {Yechezkel 38:18}:

יח וְהָיָה בַּיּוֹם הַהוּא, בְּיוֹם בּוֹא גוֹג עַל-אַדְמַת יִשְׂרָאֵל--נְאֻם, אֲדֹנָי ה: תַּעֲלֶה חֲמָתִי, בְּאַפִּי.

18 And it shall come to pass in that day, in the day when Gog shall come against the land of Israel, saith the Lord GOD, that My fury shall arise up in My nostrils.

Rabbi Yochanan cited Rabbi Yossi ben Zimra {our gemara, he cited just Rabbi Yossi}: He who delights in the Shabbat is given an unbounded heritage, for it is written {in Yeshaya 58:14}:

יד אָז, תִּתְעַנַּג עַל-ה, וְהִרְכַּבְתִּיךָ, עַל-במותי (בָּמֳתֵי) אָרֶץ; וְהַאֲכַלְתִּיךָ, נַחֲלַת יַעֲקֹב אָבִיךָ--כִּי פִּי ה, דִּבֵּר

14 Then shalt thou delight thyself in the LORD, and I will make thee to ride upon the high places of the earth, and I will feed thee with the heritage of Jacob thy father; for the mouth of the LORD hath spoken it.

{Shabbat 118b}
{the heritage of Yaakov your forefather --}
Not like Avraham, of whom it is written {Bereishit 13:17}:

יז קוּם הִתְהַלֵּךְ בָּאָרֶץ, לְאָרְכָּהּ וּלְרָחְבָּהּ: כִּי לְךָ, אֶתְּנֶנָּה.	17 Arise, walk through the land in the length of it and in the breadth of it; for unto thee will I give it.'

{which is thus limited}
and not like Yitzchak, of whom it is written {Bereishit 26:3}:

ג גּוּר בָּאָרֶץ הַזֹּאת, וְאֶהְיֶה עִמְּךָ וַאֲבָרְכֶךָּ: כִּי-לְךָ וּלְזַרְעֲךָ, אֶתֵּן אֶת-כָּל-הָאֲרָצֹת הָאֵל, וַהֲקִמֹתִי אֶת-הַשְּׁבֻעָה, אֲשֶׁר נִשְׁבַּעְתִּי לְאַבְרָהָם אָבִיךָ.

3 Sojourn in this land, and I will be with thee, and will bless thee; for unto thee, and unto thy seed, I will give all these lands, and I will establish the oath which I swore unto Abraham thy father;

{which is thus limited to only those lands}

but rather as Yaakov, of whom it is written {Bereishit 28:14}:

יד וְהָיָה זַרְעֲךָ כַּעֲפַר הָאָרֶץ, וּפָרַצְתָּ יָמָּה וָקֵדְמָה וְצָפֹנָה וָנֶגְבָּה; וְנִבְרְכוּ בְךָ כָּל-מִשְׁפְּחֹת הָאֲדָמָה, וּבְזַרְעֶךָ.

14 And thy seed shall be as the dust of the earth, and thou shalt spread abroad to the west, and to the east, and to the north, and to the south. And in thee and in thy seed shall all the families of the earth be blessed.

Rav Nachman bar Yitzchak said: He {who delights in the Shabbat} is saved from the servitude of the Diaspora - here it is written {in the same pasuk cited above, Yeshaya 58:14}:

יד אָז, תִּתְעַנַּג עַל-ה, וְהִרְכַּבְתִּיךָ, עַל-במותי (בָּמֳתֵי) אָרֶץ; וְהַאֲכַלְתִּיךָ, נַחֲלַת יַעֲקֹב אָבִיךָ--כִּי פִּי ה, דִּבֵּר

14 Then shalt thou delight thyself in the LORD, and I will make thee to ride upon the high places of the earth, and I will feed thee with the heritage of Jacob thy father; for the mouth of the LORD hath spoken it.

and there it is written {Devarim 33:29}:

כט אַשְׁרֶיךָ יִשְׂרָאֵל מִי כָמוֹךָ, עַם נוֹשַׁע בַּה, מָגֵן עֶזְרֶךָ, וַאֲשֶׁר-חֶרֶב גַּאֲוָתֶךָ; וְיִכָּחֲשׁוּ אֹיְבֶיךָ לָךְ, וְאַתָּה עַל-בָּמוֹתֵימוֹ תִדְרֹךְ.

29 Happy art thou, O Israel, who is like unto thee? a people saved by the LORD, the shield of thy help, and that is the sword of thy excellency! And thine enemies shall dwindle away before thee; and thou shalt tread upon their high places.

Rav Yehuda cited Rav: He who delights in the Sabbath is granted his heart's desires, for it is said {Tehillim 37:4}:

ד וְהִתְעַנַּג עַל-ה; וְיִתֶּן-לְךָ, מִשְׁאֲלֹת לִבֶּךָ.

4 So shalt thou delight thyself in the LORD; and He shall give thee the petitions of thy heart.

Now, I do not know what this 'delight' {oneg} refers to {either the pasuk in Tehillim, or perhaps I also the pasuk in Yeshaya 58:14} ; but when it is said {Yeshaya 58:13}:

יג אִם-תָּשִׁיב מִשַּׁבָּת רַגְלֶךָ, עֲשׂוֹת חֲפָצֶךָ בְּיוֹם קָדְשִׁי; וְקָרָאתָ לַשַּׁבָּת עֹנֶג, לִקְדוֹשׁ יְהוָה מְכֻבָּד, וְכִבַּדְתּוֹ מֵעֲשׂוֹת דְּרָכֶיךָ, מִמְּצוֹא חֶפְצְךָ וְדַבֵּר דָּבָר.	13 If thou turn away thy foot because of the sabbath, from pursuing thy business on My holy day; and call the sabbath a delight, and the holy of the LORD honourable; and shalt honour it, not doing thy wonted ways, nor pursuing thy business, nor speaking thereof;
יד אָז, תִּתְעַנַּג עַל-ה, וְהִרְכַּבְתִּיךָ, עַל-במותי (בָּמֳתֵי) אָרֶץ; וְהַאֲכַלְתִּיךָ, נַחֲלַת יַעֲקֹב אָבִיךָ--כִּי פִּי יְהוָה, דִּבֵּר	14 Then shalt thou delight thyself in the LORD, and I will make thee to ride upon the high places of the earth, and I will feed thee with the heritage of Jacob thy father; for the mouth of the LORD hath spoken it.

you must say that it refers to the delight of Shabbat.

Wherewith does one show his delight therein?
Rabba the son of Rav Yehuda bar Shelat {our gemara: Rav Yehuda bar Shelat} cited Rav: With large fish, heads of garlic, and a dish of beets.

Rav Ashi said {in our gemara: Rav Chiyya bar Ashi cited Rav}: Even a trifle, if it is prepared in honor of Shabbat, is delight.

What is it [the trifle]?
Rav Papa: A pie of fish-hash.

Rabbi Chiyya bar Abba cited Rabbi Yochanan: He who observes the Sabbath according to its laws, even if he practises idolatry like Enosh {our gemara, has in [] like the generation of Enosh; in his days idolatry traditionally began}, is forgiven {mochalin lo}, for it is said {Yeshaya 56:2}:

ב אַשְׁרֵי אֱנוֹשׁ יַעֲשֶׂה-זֹּאת, וּבֶן-אָדָם יַחֲזִיק בָּהּ--שֹׁמֵר שַׁבָּת מֵחַלְּלוֹ, וְשֹׁמֵר יָדוֹ מֵעֲשׂוֹת כָּל-רָע.

2 Happy is the man {Enosh} that doeth this, and the son of man that holdeth fast by it: that keepeth the sabbath from profaning it {meichallelo}, and keepeth his hand from doing any evil.

Read not meichalelo {=from profaning it} but rather machul lo {=it is forgiven for him}.

Rav Yehuda cited Rav: Had Israel kept the first Shabbat, no nation or tongue would have enjoyed dominion over them, for it is said {Shemot 16:27}:

כז וַיְהִי בַּיּוֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִי, יָצְאוּ מִן-הָעָם לִלְקֹט; וְלֹא, מָצָאוּ

27 And it came to pass on the seventh day, that there went out some of the people to gather, and they found none.

and what is written after it? {Shemot 17:8}:

ח וַיָּבֹא, עֲמָלֵק; וַיִּלָּחֶם עִם-יִשְׂרָאֵל, בִּרְפִידִם.

8 Then came Amalek, and fought with Israel in Rephidim.

Rabbi Shimon ben Yochai said {in our gemara, Rabbi Yochanan cites him}: If Israel were to keep two Sabbaths according to the laws thereof, they would be redeemed immediately, for it is said {Yeshaya 56:4}:

ד כִּי-כֹה אָמַר יְהוָה, לַסָּרִיסִים אֲשֶׁר יִשְׁמְרוּ אֶת-שַׁבְּתוֹתַי, וּבָחֲרוּ, בַּאֲשֶׁר חָפָצְתִּי; וּמַחֲזִיקִים, בִּבְרִיתִי.

4 For thus saith the LORD concerning the eunuchs that keep My sabbaths, and choose the things that please Me, and hold fast by My covenant:

And it is written after it {Yeshaya 56:7}:

ז וַהֲבִיאוֹתִים אֶל-הַר קָדְשִׁי, וְשִׂמַּחְתִּים בְּבֵית תְּפִלָּתִי--עוֹלֹתֵיהֶם וְזִבְחֵיהֶם לְרָצוֹן, עַל-מִזְבְּחִי: כִּי בֵיתִי, בֵּית-תְּפִלָּה יִקָּרֵא לְכָל-הָעַמִּים.

7 Even them will I bring to My holy mountain, and make them joyful in My house of prayer; their burnt-offerings and their sacrifices shall be acceptable upon Mine altar; for My house shall be called a house of prayer for all peoples.

Rabbi Yossi said: May my portion be of those who eat three meals on Shabbat.

Rabbi Yossi said: May my portion be of those who recite the entire Hallel every day.
Is this indeed so? But Mar said: He who reads Hallel every day blasphemes and reproaches [the Divine Name]?
{To explain: Because its recital was instituted for special occasions only, and by reading it every day he treats it as a mere song.}
We refer to the 'Verses of Song.' {psukei deZimra. See Rif here for more.}

{From Tehillim 145-150, that is}
From Tehilla LeDavid {=Ashrei} unti Kol HaNeshama Tehallel Kah.

{Shabbat 119a}
Rabbi Chanina robed himself and stood at sunset of Sabbath eve {=Friday night} [and] exclaimed, 'Come and let us go forth to welcome the queen Shabbat.
{=Bo`u veNeitzei Likrat Shabbat HaMalka.}

Rabbi Yannai donned his garments on Shabbat eve and exclaimed, 'Come, O bride, Come, O bride!'

Rabba son of Rav Huna visited the home of Rabba son of Rav Nachman, [and] was offered three se'ahs of oiled cakes.
He said to them: Did you know that I was coming that you troubled yourselves to this extent?
They said to him: Are you then more important to us than it? {that is, more important than the Shabbat? We troubled ourselves to prepare them, in honor of Shabbat.}

Rabbi Abba bought meat for thirteen istira peshita {each istira peshita = 1/2 zuz} from thirteen butchers and handed it over to them [his servants] as soon as the door was turned and urged them, 'Make haste, Quick Make haste, Quick!' {this was done in honor of Shabbat}

Rabbi Ababu used to sit on an ivory stool and fan the fire. {in honor of Shabbat, before Shabbat}

Rav Anan used to wear an overall {while attending to the cooking}, for the School of Rabbi Yishmael taught: The clothes in which one cooks a dish for his master, let him not mix a cup [of wine] for his master in them.

Rav Safra would singe the head [of an animal].

Rava salted shivuta {a kind of fish, probably mullet}.

Rav Huna lit the lamp.

Rav Papa plaited the wicks.

Rav Chisda cut up the beetroots.

Rabba and Rav Yosef chopped wood.

Rabbi Zera kindled the fire.

Rav Nachman bar Yitzchak carried in and out {whatever was necessary for Shabbat}, saying: If Rabbi Ammi and Rabbi Assi visited me, would I not carry for them?

Rabbi Ammi and Rabbi Assi carried in and out, saying: 'If Rabbi Yochanan visited us, would we not carry before him?

Rabbi asked of Rabbi Yishmael beRabbi Yossi: The wealthy in the land of Israel, whereby do they merit [wealth]?
He said to him: Because they give tithes, for it is written {Devarim 14:22}:

כב עַשֵּׂר תְּעַשֵּׂר, אֵת כָּל-תְּבוּאַת זַרְעֶךָ, הַיֹּצֵא הַשָּׂדֶה, שָׁנָה שָׁנָה.

22 Thou shalt surely tithe all the increase of thy seed, that which is brought forth in the field year by year.

You shall tithe {aser} in order that you shall become wealthy {titasher}.
Those in Babylon, wherewith do they merit [it]?
Because they honour the Torah.