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5a
{digression to Brachot 31a}
for neglecting to make Shabbat a delight. What is his fix? He should sit a fast for his fast.
And the Sages have explained this as referring to only the fast for a dream, but for another fast, is it forbidden to fast on Shabbat.
In Taaniyot, in Yerushalmi:
Rabbi Acha and Rabbi Abahu, citing Rabbi Yossi bar Chanina, said: It is forbidden to fast until 6 hours on Shabbat.
Rabbi Yossi bar Avin said: It is a Mishna: "if {it rains} before noon, they need not complete {the rest of the day fasting}; if after noon, they need to complete" - before noon, they need not complete, for it is still morning. after noon, they need to complete, for the majority of the day has already passed in sanctity.
"YET IF THEY BEGAN, THEY NEED NOT BREAK OFF":
{emend to "AND THEY DO NOT BREAK OFF FOR PRAYER":}
But the beginning of the Mishna already said "THEY NEED NOT BREAK OFF!"
It is coming to teach regarding the study of Torah.
For they learnt {in a brayta}: If companions [scholars] are engaged in studying, they must break off for the reading of the shema', but not for prayer.
Rabbi Yochanan said: This was only taught about those such as Rabbi Shimon bar Yochai and his companions, for Torah is their profession, but for those such as us, we break off, whether for reading the Shema or for prayer.
MISHNA:
A TAILOR MUST NOT GO OUT WITH HIS NEEDLE NEAR NIGHTFALL, LEST HE FORGET AND GO OUT, NOR A SCRIBE WITH HIS QUILL; A
ND ONE MAY NOT SEARCH HIS GARMENTS [FOR VERMIN], NOR READ {,} BY THE LIGHT OF A LAMP.
IN TRUTH IT WAS SAID, THE HAZZAN MAY SEE WHERE THE CHILDREN READ, BUT HE HIMSELF MUST NOT READ.
SIMILARLY IT WAS SAID, A ZAB MUST NOT DINE TOGETHER WITH A ZABAH, AS IT MAY LEAD TO SIN.
{Shabbat 12a}
Gemara:
The School of Shmuel {our gemara: Rabbi Yishmael} taught {tna}: A man may go out with his tefillin on the eve of Sabbath {erev Shabbat} near nightfall.
What is the reason?
Because Rabbah bar Rav Huna said: One must feel his tefillin every now and then {every single hour} as a kal vaChomer { inferring a minori} from the tzitz {Kohen Gadol's headplate}. Just as the tzitz, which has only a single mention of Hashem's name, the Torah states {Shemot 28:38}:
tefillin, which has many mentions, he certainly {mustn't}. Therefore he will remember them {and may go out erev Shabbat with them}.
They learnt {in a brayta}: Chanania says: One must examine {feel} his garments on erev Shabbat before nightfall.
Rav Yosef said: That is a vital law for Shabbat.
{The Mishna had stated:}
"AND ONE MAY NOT SEARCH HIS GARMENTS [FOR VERMIN]":
The explanation {of the Mishna}: One may not search his garments [for vermin] by the light of a lamp lest he come to tilt it.
Rav Yehuda cited Shmuel: Even to distinguish between his garments and the garments of his wife by the light of a lamp, no.
Rava said: They only said this with regard to the townspeople (who wear white), but the people in the country one knows easily. And for the townpeople they only said it in regard to the elerly women {whose clothing is similar to that of men}, but that of younger women, no.
The Sages learnt {in a brayta}: One must not search [his garments] in the public domain out of decency. Similarly Rabbi Yehuda, and some say Rabbi Nechemia, said: One must not cause himself to vomit in the public domain, out of decency.
The Sages learnt {in a brayta}: If one searches his garments [on the Sabbath] he may press [the vermin] and throw it away, providing that he does not kill it. Abba Shaul said: He must take and throw it away, providing that he does not press it.
Rav Huna said: The halacha is that he may press and throw it away, and that is seemly, even on weekdays.
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