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44a
{Brachot 54a, for the Mishna, then, after a digression, we turn to Brachot 60a}
[ONE WHO HAS BUILT A NEW HOUSE OR BOUGHT NEW VESSELS]
SAYS, BLESSED BE HE WHO HAS KEPT US ALIVE AND PRESERVED US AND BROUGHT US TO THIS SEASON.
OVER EVIL A BLESSING IS SAID SIMILAR TO THAT OVER GOOD
AND OVER GOOD A BLESSING IS SAID SIMILAR TO THAT OVER EVIL,
BUT TO CRY OVER THE PAST IS TO UTTER A VAIN PRAYER.
IF A MAN'S WIFE IS PREGNANT AND HE SAYS, [GOD] GRANT THAT MY WIFE BEAR A MALE CHILD, THIS A VAIN PRAYER.
IF HE IS COMING HOME FROM A JOURNEY AND HE HEARS CRIES OF DISTRESS IN THE TOWN AND SAYS, [GOD] GRANT THAT THIS IS NOT IN MY HOUSE, THIS IS A VAIN PRAYER.
ONE WHO [IN THE COURSE OF A JOURNEY] GOES THROUGH A CAPITAL CITY SHOULD SAY TWO PRAYERS, ONE ON ENTERING AND ONE ON LEAVING.
BEN AZZAI SAYS, FOUR, TWO ON ENTERING AND TWO ON LEAVING -
HE GIVES THANKS FOR PAST MERCIES AND SUPPLICATES FOR THE FUTURE.
Gemara:
We learn in perek HaMafkid {third perek of Bava Metzia, daf 42a}:
The Sages learnt {in a brayta}: When one goes to measure [the grain in] his granary, he should pray, 'May it be Thy will, O Lord our God, to send a blessing upon the work of our hands.' Having started to measure, he prays, 'Blessed is He who sendeth a blessing on this pile.' But if he measured and then prayed, it is a vain prayer, because a blessing is not found in that which is [already] weighed, measured, or counted, but only in that which is hidden [סמוי] from the eye, for it is said, (Devarim 28:8)
{Brachot 59b}
"OR BOUGHT NEW VESSELS":
Rav Huna said: They only taught this regarding the case where he does not possess similar things; but if he has similar ones, he need not bless.
And Rabbi Yochanan said: either this or that {case}, he needs to bless.
{Berachot 60a}
We can derive from this that if he bought and then bought {the same thing} again, he does not need to bless, for he has already purchased the like.
Another formulation {/language}:
Rav Huna said: They only taught this regarding the case where he does not buy again after already buying; but if he buys again after already buying, he need not bless.
And Rabbi Yochanan said: either this or that {case}, he needs to bless.
And we establish for ourselves like Rabbi Yochanan, and according to the latter formulation, which says that whether you purchased the like or whether you did not already purchase the like, he needs to bless. And so is the halacha.
"ONE WHO [IN THE COURSE OF A JOURNEY] GOES THROUGH A CAPITAL CITY SHOULD SAY TWO...":
The Sages learnt {in a brayta}:
What does he say on entering?{Brachot 60b}
'May it be Thy will O Lord, my God, to bring me into this city in peace'.
When he is inside peacefully he says:
'I give thanks to Thee, O Lord, my God, that Thou hast brought me into this city in peace'.
When he is about to leave he says: 'May it be Thy will, O Lord, my God, and God of my fathers, to bring me out of this city in peace'.
When he is outside peacefully he says:
'I give thanks to Thee, O Lord, my God, that Thou hast brought me out of this city in peace, and as Thou hast brought me out in peace, so mayest Thou guide me in peace and support me in peace and make me proceed in peace and deliver me from the hands of all enemies and liers-in-wait by the way.'
On entering a privy one should say: Be honoured, ye honoured and holy ones that minister to the Most High. Give honour to the God of Israel. Preserve me, preserve me, help me, help me, support me, support me, till I have entered and come forth, for this is the way of human beings.
{This is a combined saying, as per the usual suggestion of Rav Pappa.}
When he comes out he says: Blessed is He who has formed man in wisdom and created in him many orifices and many cavities. It is fully known before the throne of Thy glory that if one of them should be [improperly] opened or one of them closed it would be impossible for a man to stand before Thee, even one hour. Blessed are You, Hashem, Who healest all flesh and doest wonderfully.
{again, the conclusion is a combined saying, due to Rav Pappa.}
{Brachot 60a}
On entering a bath-house one should say: 'May it be Thy will O Lord, my God, to let me enter peacefully, and leave peacefully, and deliver me from this and from the like of this in the time to come.
And when he leaves, what does he bless?
Rav Acha said: Blessed be he who delivered me from the fire.
On going in to be cupped {let blood} one should say: May it be Thy will, O Lord, my God, that this operation may be a cure for me, for You are a free healer.
And when he leaves, what does he bless?
Rava said: Blessed is the free healer. {rofeh chinam}
{now back to Brachot 60b}
One who enters to sleep upon his bed says from Shema until VeHaya Im Shamoa', and blesses {HaMapil:} Blessed is He who causes the bands of sleep to fall upon my eyes and slumber on my eyelids, and gives light to the apple of the eye. May it be Your will, O Lord, my God, to make me lie down in peace, and set my portion in Your law and accustom me to the performance of religious duties, but do not accustom me to transgression; and bring me not into sin, or into iniquity, or into temptation, or into contempt. And may the good inclination have sway over me and let not the evil inclination have sway over me. And deliver me from evil hap and sore diseases, and let not evil dreams and evil thoughts disturb me, and may my couch be flawless before You, and enlighten my eyes lest I sleep the sleep of death. Blessed be He who gives light to the whole world in His glory.
And when he wakes he should say {Elokai Neshama - slightly different girsa}: My God, the soul which Thou hast placed in me is pure. You have fashioned it in me, You have created it in me, You breathed it into me, You preserve it within me, and You will one day take it from me and restore it to me in the time to come. So long as the soul is within me I give thanks unto Thee, O Lord, my God, Lord of all souls. Blessed art Thou, O Lord, who restores souls to dead corpses.
When he hears the sound of the rooster {crowing} he should say: Blessed be He who has given to the rooster understanding to distinguish between day and night.
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