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43b
{Brachot 58a continues}
Ulla said: we have a tradition - there is no "crowd" less than 600,000.
{our gemara has a different statement: "We have a tradition that there is no crowd in Babylon. It was taught: A multitude is not less than sixty myriads"}
The Sages learnt {in a brayta}:
On seeing the Sages of Israel one should say: Blessed be He who hath imparted of His wisdom to them that fear Him.Rabbi Yochanan said: A man should always exert himself and run to meet an Israelite king; and not only a king of Israel but also a king of any other nation, so that if he is deemed worthy, he will be able to distinguish between the kings of Israel and the kings of other nations.
On seeing the Sages of other nations, one says, Blessed be He who hath imparted of His wisdom to His creatures.
On seeing kings of Israel, one says: Blessed be He who hath imparted of His glory to them that fear Him.
On seeing non-Jewish kings, one says: Blessed be He who hath imparted of His glory to His creatures.
{Brachot 58b}
Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi said: One who sees a friend after a lapse of thirty days says: Blessed is He who has kept us alive and preserved us and brought us to this season. If after a lapse of twelve months he says: Blessed is He who revives the dead.
On seeing the synagogues {Bach crosses out knesayot thus turning it to what we have in our gemara, "houses"} of Israel, when inhabited one says: Blessed is he who establishes the border of the widow;
{This is a reference to Mishlei 17:25}
| כה בֵּית גֵּאִים, יִסַּח ה; וְיַצֵּב, גְּבוּל אַלְמָנָה. | 25 The LORD will pluck up the house of the proud; but He will establish the border of the widow. |
when uninhabited {destroyed}, Blessed be the judge of truth. Houses of idolators, when inhabited, one says: {Mishlei 17:25}
| כה בֵּית גֵּאִים, יִסַּח ה; וְיַצֵּב, גְּבוּל אַלְמָנָה. | 25 The LORD will pluck up the house of the proud; but He will establish the border of the widow. |
| א אֵל-נְקָמוֹת ה; אֵל נְקָמוֹת הוֹפִיעַ. | 1 O LORD, Thou God to whom vengeance belongeth, Thou God to whom vengeance belongeth, shine forth. |
One seeing the graves of idolators, one says: On seeing the graves of heathens one says: {Yirmiyahu 50:12}:
If he sees one with an amputated limb, or blind, or flatheaded, or lame, or smitten with boils, or pock-marked, he says: Blessed be the true Judge. And if he was such {pock-marked} from his birth, he says: Blessed be He who makes strange creatures.
The Sages learnt {in a brayta}: On seeing an elephant, an ape, or a long-tailed ape, one says: Blessed is He who makes strange creatures. If one sees beautiful creatures and beautiful trees, he says: Blessed is He who has such in His world.
{The Mishna had said:} "OVER SHOOTING-STARS [ZIKIN] AND EARTHQUAKES":
What are zikin?
Shmuel said: A comet.
{Brachot 59a}
Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi said: One who sees the rainbow in the clouds should say 'Blessed is He who remembers the Covenant.'
{our gemara: One who sees the rainbow in the clouds should fall on his face... what blessing does he say? 'Blessed is He who remembers the Covenant.'}
In a brayta they taught: {he should say} Who is faithful with his Covenant and fulfils his word.
Rav Papa said: Therefore let us say both: Blessed is He who remembers the Covenant, Who is faithful with his Covenant and fulfils his word.
{The Mishna had said:} "AND OVER STORMS [RUCHOTH]":
What are ruchot?
Abaye said: A hurricane.
Over lightning and thunders one says, BLESSED IS HE WHOSE STRENGTH FILLS THE WORLD, or Blessed is he who made lightning {perhaps this should be bereishit, Creation, rather than Berakim, lightning}, whichever one he wants to say.
But upon mountains and hills, etc., he may only say Blessed be He Who has wrought creation.
Yerushalmi: Upon lightning - Rabbi Yirmiya and Rabbi Ze'era cited Rav Chisda: Once is enough in a day. Rabbi Yossi asked: in what case are we dealing? If they are continuous, once a day is enough; if with pauses, he should bless on every single instance. Rabbi Acha bar Rabbi Chanina came and cited Rav Chisda: If they are continuous, once a day is enough; if with pauses, he should bless on every single instance.
The strength of Rabbi Yossi is from here: If he was sitting in a perfume store the entire day, he only blesses once. But if he enters and leaves, enters and leaves, he blesses every single time.
{Brachot 59b}
The Sages learnt {in a brayta}: He who sees the sun at its turning point {at the beginning of the season}, the moon in its power, the planets in their orbits, and the signs of the zodiac in their orderly progress, should say: Blessed be He who has wrought the work of creation.
Rav Yehuda said: One who sees the new moon should say: Blessed are You Hashem, our God, King of the universe, who with His word created the heavens, etc., as we have written before {here} in perek tefillat haShachar {at the very end}.
{The Mishna had stated: } "R. JUDAH SAYS: IF ONE SEES THE GREAT SEA ONE SHOULD SAY, BLESSED BE HE WHO MADE THE GREAT SEA, [THAT IS] IF HE SEES IT AT [CONSIDERABLE] INTERVALS":
How long are intervals?
Rav Ami bar Abba cited Rav Yitzchak: until thirty days.
"FOR RAIN AND FOR GOOD TIDINGS ONE SAYS, BLESSED BE HE THAT IS GOOD AND BESTOWS GOOD":
And these words are when he owns land, and there is a partnership in it {because HaTov = of his own; VeHaMeitiv = of others}, but if there is no partnership in it, he blesses Shehechiyanu {"Blessed is He who has kept us alive and brought us to this season"}, as they learnt {in a brayta}:
In a word, for his own things he says: Blessed is He who has kept us alive and preserved us; for things which belong to him in conjunction with this neighbour, he says: Blessed is He who is good and does good.and if he does not own land, he says: We give thanks to Thee for every drop which Thou hast caused to fall for us. If our mouths were full of song like the sea, etc., as we have written in Masechet Taanit, and he concludes: Blessed is he of the many thanksgivings and the God of thanksgivings.
If they told him that his father died he is inheriting from him, if there is a brother who inherits with him, he blesses first "The true Judge," and afterwards he blesses "Blessed is He who is good and does good." And if there is not a brother who inherits with him, he blesses first "The true Judge;" and afterwards he blesses Shehechiyanu.
{Brachot 54a}
MISHNA:
ONE WHO HAS BUILT A NEW HOUSE OR BOUGHT NEW VESSELS
to be continued...
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