Tuesday, February 26, 2008

Rif Nedarim 21b {Nedarim 64b - 65a}

21b

{Nedarim 64b}

שפותחין לאדם בנולד ורבנן הני מי מתו והאמר ר' יוחנן משום רשב"י כל מקום שנאמר נצים ונצבים אינו אלא דתן ואבירם. אמר ר"ש בן לקיש שירדו מנכסיהם ועני חשוב כמת:
that we suggest an opening {for a vow} for a person with a new fact.
And the Rabbanan -- Did these indeed die? But Rabbi Yochanan said in the name of Rabbi Shimon ben Yochai: Anyplace where it is stated "quarreling" and "standing," it is only a reference to Datan and Aviram. {And we see these two later, explicitly, by Korach's rebellion.} Rabbi Shimon ben Lakish said: That they descended from their assets, and a pauper is considered as dead. {And, we might add to explain this gemara, this is not considered a new fact since it is a common event which might be foreseen. See inside.}

גרסינן בפרק השולח
צריך לפרט הנדר או לא
רב פפא אמר צריך
רב נחמן בר יצחק אמר אין צריך
דאי אמרת צריך זמנין דגייז וחכם מה דשמע מיפר
ורב פפא אמר צריך דלמא אמילתא דאיסורא משתבע
והלכתא כרב פפא:
We learn in perek haSholeach {=the 4th perek of Gittin, daf 35b}:
Does one need to spell out the vow {when asking absolution} or not?
Rav Pappa said: He needs to.
Rav Nachman bar Yitzchak said: He does not need to.
For if you say that he needs, there are times that he will cut off his words, and the sage will only annul that which he hears.
And Rav Pappa said: He needs to, for perhaps he swore about something which was forbidden.
And the halacha is like Rav Pappa.

{Nedarim 65a}
תניא הנודר הנאה מחבירו אין מתירין לו אלא בפניו
מנה"מ א"ר נחמן דכתיב ויאמר ה' אל משה במדין
א"ל הקב"ה למשה במדין נדרת לך והתר לך במדין
דכתיב ויואל משה לשבת את האיש
ואין אלה אלא שבועה דכתיב ויבא אותו באלה
They learnt {in a brayta}: One who vowed off benefit from his fellow, they only release him in his {=the fellow's} presence.
From where do we know these words? Rav Nachman said: Because it is written {Shemot 4:19}
יט וַיֹּאמֶר ה אֶל-מֹשֶׁה בְּמִדְיָן, לֵךְ שֻׁב מִצְרָיִם: כִּי-מֵתוּ, כָּל-הָאֲנָשִׁים, הַמְבַקְשִׁים, אֶת-נַפְשֶׁךָ. 19 And the LORD said unto Moses in Midian: 'Go, return into Egypt; for all the men are dead that sought thy life.'
The Holy One, Blessed Be He, said to Moshe: In Midian you vowed, therefore annul your vow in Midian.
For it is written {Shemot 2:21}
כא וַיּוֹאֶל מֹשֶׁה, לָשֶׁבֶת אֶת-הָאִישׁ; וַיִּתֵּן אֶת-צִפֹּרָה בִתּוֹ, לְמֹשֶׁה. 21 And Moses was content to dwell with the man; and he gave Moses Zipporah his daughter.

And ala only means an oath, for it is written {Yechezkel 17:13}: {talking about Tzidkiyahu and Nevuchadnezzar}
יג וַיִּקַּח מִזֶּרַע הַמְּלוּכָה, וַיִּכְרֹת אִתּוֹ בְּרִית; וַיָּבֵא אֹתוֹ בְּאָלָה, וְאֶת-אֵילֵי הָאָרֶץ לָקָח. 13 and he took of the seed royal, and made a covenant with him, and brought him under an oath, and the mighty of the land he took away;
{now elaborating:}

וכתיב וגם במלך נבוכדנצר מרד אשר השביעו באלהים
מאי מרדותיה אשכחיה צדקיהו לנבוכדנצר דקאכיל ארנבת חייא
א"ל נבוכדנצר לצדקיהו אשתבע לי דלא מגלית לי ולא תזלזל במלכותא
אשתבע ליה
לסוף הוי מצטער צדקיהו בגופיה אתשיל אשבועתיה ואמר
שמע נבוכדצר דקא מבזין ליה
שלח ואייתי סנהדרין וצדקיהו
אמר להו חזיתון מאי דעביד צדקיהו ולאו הכי הוי משתבע בשמיה דשמיא דלא מגלית
אמרו ליה אתשיל אשבועתיה
אמר להו מי מתשיל אשבועתא אמר ליה אין
א"ל בפניו או שלא בפניו
א"ל בפניו
ואמאי עבדיתון הכי ולא אמריתון ליה לצדקיהו
מיד ישבו לארץ ידמו זקני בת ציון
אמר ר' יצחק ששמטו כרים מתחתיהן
And it is written {II Divrei HaYamim 36:13}:
יג וְגַם בַּמֶּלֶךְ נְבוּכַדְנֶאצַּר, מָרָד, אֲשֶׁר הִשְׁבִּיעוֹ, בֵּאלֹהִים; וַיֶּקֶשׁ אֶת-עָרְפּוֹ, וַיְאַמֵּץ אֶת-לְבָבוֹ, מִשּׁוּב, אֶל-ה אֱלֹהֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל. 13 And he also rebelled against king Nebuchadnezzar, who had made him swear by God; but he stiffened his neck, and hardened his heart from turning unto the LORD, the God of Israel.
What was his {=Tzidkiyahu's} rebellion? Tzidkiyahu found Nevuchadnezzar eating a live rabbit. Nevuchadnezzar said to Tzidkiyahu, "swear to me that you will not reveal me, such that you will not disgrace the kingship." He swore to him. In the end, Tzidkiyahu was pained {at not being able to reveal this}, and he had his oath absolved, and he said it. Nevuchadnezzar heard that they were deriding him. He sent and brought the Sanhedrin and Tzidkiyahu. He said to them: Do you see what Tzidkiyahu does? And did he not swear by the Name of Heaven that he would not reveal? They said to him: He had his vow annulled. He said to them: Can one be absolved of an oath? They said to him: Yes. He said to them: In his presence {of the one it impacts} or not in his presence. They said to him: {Only} In his presence.
"Any why have you does this, and not said this to Tzidkiyahu?"
Immediately, {Eicha 2:10}:
י יֵשְׁבוּ לָאָרֶץ יִדְּמוּ, זִקְנֵי בַת-צִיּוֹן--הֶעֱלוּ עָפָר עַל-רֹאשָׁם, חָגְרוּ שַׂקִּים; הוֹרִידוּ לָאָרֶץ רֹאשָׁן, בְּתוּלֹת יְרוּשָׁלִָם. {ס} 10 They sit upon the ground, and keep silence, the elders of the daughter of Zion; they have cast up dust upon their heads, they have girded themselves with sackcloth; the virgins of Jerusalem hang down their heads to the ground. {S}
Rabbi Yitzchak said: That they removed the cushions from under them {as a sign of their unworthiness}.

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