Rif Eruvin 31b {Eruvin 95a continues ... 95b; 97a; Beitza 14a; Eruvin 95b}

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31b

{Eruvin 95a continues}
But if they are new ones, he is exempt.

If he found them in sets {many sets, each a shel yad and shel rosh} or in bundles {of mixed tefillin tied together} - he waits by them till nightfall, and he brings them in.

{Eruvin 95b}
And in danger - he covers them and he goes on his way.

Rabbi Shimon says: He gives them to his fellow and his fellow to his fellow, until he arrives at the outer courtyard, and so also his son {who was born on Shabbat in the field}, he gives him to his fellow, and his fellow to his fellow, even a hundred.

Gemara:
By new ones, why not?
For we fear lest they are actually amulets {which look like tefillin}.
{Eruvin 97a}
But old ones, since they are knotted {the straps are knotted to form a yud or daled} one would not exert himself this much for an amulet.

The father of Shmuel bar Rav Yitchak taught: The definition of "old" is that it has straps which are knotted. The definition of "new" is that it has straps which are not knotted.

"If he found them in sets or in bundles":
Rav Yehuda said: Are not sets bundles? Sets are in pairs. In bundles, many are tied together.

"he waits by them till nightfall, and he brings them in":
Why? Let him bring them in one pair at a time?
Rav Yitzchak the son of Rav Yehuda said: To me it was explained by Father: In the case where he can bring them in one pair at a time and finish before sunset, he should bring them in one pair at a time. And if not, he waits by them till nightfall and brings them in.

"And in danger - he covers them and he goes on his way":
We establish this as danger from gentiles, such as at the time of the decree {against tefillin} but if danger of bandits, he brings them all at once, moving each time in stages of less than four cubits.

We learn in the first perek of Yom Tov {= Beitza 14a}: If he was traveling on the road {on Friday} with tefillin on his head and the sun set upon him, he places his hand over them {to conceal that he is wearing them} until he reaches his house. If he was sitting in the study hall with tefillin on his head and the day was sanctified upon him {=it became Shabbat}, he places his hand over them until he reaches his house. And {in the road case} if there is a house close to the wall {of the city} which, if he placed them {=the tefillin} there, they would be guarded, he places them in the house close to the wall.

{Eruvin 95b}
Mishna:
Rabbi Yehudah says: A person may give a cask to his fellow, and his fellow to his fellow,