Pesachim 1b {Pesachim 3a continues ... 4b}

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1b
{Pesachim 3a continues}

in a decent language, for by a zav {who is male} they call it merkav, riding, whereas by a woman they call it sitting.

{That is, by a zav, in Vayikra 15:9:

ט וְכָל-הַמֶּרְכָּב, אֲשֶׁר יִרְכַּב עָלָיו הַזָּב--יִטְמָא.

9 And what saddle soever he that hath the issue rideth upon shall be unclean.

whereas by a woman, Vayikra 15:23:

כג וְאִם עַל-הַמִּשְׁכָּב הוּא, אוֹ עַל-הַכְּלִי אֲשֶׁר-הִוא יֹשֶׁבֶת-עָלָיו--בְּנָגְעוֹ-בוֹ: יִטְמָא, עַד-הָעָרֶב.

23 And if he be on the bed, or on any thing whereon she sitteth, when he toucheth it, he shall be unclean until the even.

and this is simply a difference of terminology.}

And it states {Iyyov 15:5}:

ה כִּי יְאַלֵּף עֲו‍ֹנְךָ פִיךָ; וְתִבְחַר, לְשׁוֹן עֲרוּמִים.

5 For thine iniquity teacheth thy mouth, and thou choosest the tongue of the crafty.

and it states {Iyyov 33:3}:

ג יֹשֶׁר-לִבִּי אֲמָרָי; וְדַעַת שְׂפָתַי, בָּרוּר מִלֵּלוּ.

3 My words shall utter the uprightness of my heart; and that which my lips know they shall speak sincerely.

{where בָּרוּר means pure}

{Pesachim 3b}
There were two students who sat before Rabbi. One said: Why must we harvest grapes in {ritual} cleanliness yet we may harvest olives in impurity? And one said: Why must we harvest grapes in {ritual} cleanliness yet we need not harvest olives in purity?
Rabbi said: I am certain of this {latter} one that he will give teaching in Israel. And it was not many days before he gave teaching in Israel. And who was he? Rabbi Yochanan.

{Pesachim 4a}
And now that we have established that Or refers to evening, and yet all agree that chametz is not forbidden until 6 hours and on {in the day}, like we will wish to say later on, why do we preempt and search during the evening? Let us wait until the morrow and search at 6? And if you say zerizin maqdimin lemitzvot {=the diligent do commandments promptly},

as is written {Vayikra 12:3}:

ג וּבַיּוֹם, הַשְּׁמִינִי, יִמּוֹל, בְּשַׂר עָרְלָתוֹ.

3 And in the eighth day the flesh of his foreskin shall be circumcised.

this teaches that all day is valid for circumcision, but zerizin maqdimin lemitzvot, for it is stated {Bereishit 22:3}

ג וַיַּשְׁכֵּם אַבְרָהָם בַּבֹּקֶר, וַיַּחֲבֹשׁ אֶת-חֲמֹרוֹ, וַיִּקַּח אֶת-שְׁנֵי נְעָרָיו אִתּוֹ, וְאֵת יִצְחָק בְּנוֹ; וַיְבַקַּע, עֲצֵי עֹלָה, וַיָּקָם וַיֵּלֶךְ, אֶל-הַמָּקוֹם אֲשֶׁר-אָמַר-לוֹ הָאֱלֹהִים.

3 And Abraham rose early in the morning, and saddled his ass, and took two of his young men with him, and Isaac his son; and he cleaved the wood for the burnt-offering, and rose up, and went unto the place of which God had told him.

then let us search in the morning?

Rav Nachman bar Yitzchak said: At the hour that people are found in their houses, and the light of the candle is good for searching.

Abaye said: Therefore a member of the rabbinate should not begin his usual studies on the afternoon of the thirteenth going into the night of the fourteenth, lest his studies draw him and he comes to neglect the commandment.

One who rents his house to his friend on the fourteenth, if the fourteenth began before he handed over the key, it is upon the landlord to search. And if after he handed over the key, the fourteenth began, it is upon the renter to search.

{Pesachim 4b}
It was a question to them:
One who rents a house to his friend on the presumption that it had been searched and it turns out that it had not been searched, is this considered a mistaken transaction or not?
And Abaye answers that it is not considered a mistaken transaction, both in the place that they pay to conduct the search and in the place that they conduct the search themselves.
What is the reason? A person is pleased to fulfil a precept,