Rif Shabbat 61b {Shabbat 145b continues ... 146b}

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61b

{Shabbat 145b continues}
and when the desired to eat it, they would steep it in hot water. And if it was placed into hot water on erev Shabbat, they may steep it in hot water on Shabbat. And if not, it is forbidden to steep it in hot water on Shabbat.

"WHATEVER WAS NOT PUT INTO HOT WATER...":
It was a question to them:
What if one does rinse [them] {=the exceptions, that is the fish mentioned in the Mishna that one should not even rinse them}?
Rav Yosef said: If he rinsed them, he is liable to a sin-offering.

{Shabbat 146a}
MISHNA:
ONE MAY BREAK OPEN A CASK IN ORDER TO EAT RAISINS THEREOF, PROVIDED THAT HE DOES NOT DESIGN MAKING A UTENSIL {=a proper opening for a cask, since this would constitute a melacha};
AND ONE MAY NOT PERFORATE THE BUNG OF A CASK: THIS IS R. JUDAH'S RULING;
BUT THE SAGES PERMIT IT.

AND ONE MUST NOT PIERCE IT AT THE SIDE THEREOF, WHILE IF IT IS PERFORATED {and he wishes to close the holds} ONE MUST NOT PLACE WAX UPON IT, BECAUSE HE CRUSHES IT.
R. JUDAH SAID: [SUCH] AN INCIDENT CAME BEFORE R. JOHANAN B. ZAKKAI IN ARAV AND HE SAID, I FEAR ON HIS ACCOUNT [THAT HE MAY BE LIABLE] TO A SIN-OFFERING.

Gemara:
They learnt {in a brayta}: Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel says: One may bring a cask of wine, strike off its head with a sword, and place it before guests on Shabbat, and have no fear.

They learnt {in a brayta}: One may untie, unravel, or cut through the wicker wrappers of raisins and dates.

The inquired of Rav Sheshet: What about piercing a cask with a spit by forcing it between the splices} on Shabbat?
does he intend [making] an opening, so it is forbidden, or perhaps his intention is to be generous and it is permitted?
He said to them: He intends [making] an opening, and it is forbidden.

"ONE MAY NOT PERFORATE THE BUNG...":
Rav Huna said: The controversy is [in respect of a hole] at the top; but all agree that it is forbidden at the side. And thius he teaches {in the Mishna}: ONE MUST NOT PIERCE IT AT THE SIDE THEREOF.

And so is the halacha.

{Rav Chisda in the gemara offers a different interpretation of the Mishna, but Rif here is consistent with his rule of psak that we rule like Rav Huna over Rav Chisda, since Rav Huna was the teacher.}

The Sages learnt {in a brayta}: One may not pierce a new hole on the Sabbath, but if one comes to add, he may add; but some say, One may not add. But they all agree that one may pierce an old hole {which became stopped up} at the very outset on Shabbat.

{Shabbat 146b}
Rav Nachman bar Rav Chisda {our gemara: Rav Nachman} lectured on the authority of Rav Nachman {our gemara: Rabbi Yochanan}: The halacha is as 'some maintain'.

'But they all agree that you may pierce an old hole at the very outset':
Rav Yehuda cited Shmuel: They learnt this only where it {the stopping up of the old hole} was done in order to conserve; but if in order to strengthen it [the cask], it is forbidden.

To explain, 'to conserve' means to take out wine.
{Soncino renders: to conserve the fragrance.}

How is it [when it is] to conserve, and how is it [when meant] to strengthen?

Rav Chisda said: If it is above the [level of the] wine, its purpose is to strengthen {our gemara: conserve} ; if below the [top of the] wine, its purpose is to conserve {our gemara: strengthen}.

Rabba said: [If] above {our gemara: below} the [top of the] wine, that too is to conserve. Then how is it to strengthen? — E.g. if it was pierced below the wine sediment {there it has to bear the weight of all the wine and so must be strengthened}.

And the halacha is like Rabba, for there is a brayta that supports him.

Guvta - to explain, a tube {the insertion of a tube into a barrel as a pipe} - Rav forbids and Shmuel permits.
As for cutting it in the first place {to fit the hole in the barrel}, all agree that it is forbidden; [again], all agree that replacing it {a fitted tube} is permitted. They differ only where it is cut but not made to measure: he who forbids [its insertion] [holds that] we preventively prohibit [it], lest he come to cut it out in the first place; while he who permits it, [holds that] we do not preventively prohibit lest he come to cut it out in the first place.

This is dependent on a Tannaitic dispute.
One may not cut a tube on Yom Tov, and it it goes without saying on Shabbat. If it falls out, it may be replaced on Shabbat, and it goes without saying on Yom Tov.
And Rabbi Yoshia is lenient.

On what {is Rabbi Yoshia lenient}?
To the first clause? Surely he prepares a utensil?
Again, if to the second clause, the Tanna Kamma too certainly permits it?
Hence they must differ where it is cut but not made to measure: the Tanna Kamma holds that we preventively prohibit, while Rabbi Yoshia holds that we do not preventively prohibit.

Rav Shisha the son of Rav Idi lectured in the name of Rabbi Yochanan: The halacha is like Rabbi Yoshiya.

"WHILE IF IT IS PERFORATED...":
Oil [to stop up the hole]:
Rav forbids, and Shmuel permits.

He who forbids [holds]: We preventively prohibit on account of wax; while he who permits [holds]: We do not preventively prohibit.

And the halacha is like Rav.

Tabuth the fowler cited Shmuel: This tarfa deAssa is forbidden.
To explain: it is forbidden to place myrtle leaves into the hole of a barrel to keep in the wine so that it does not pour on the sides of the barrel.
{Soncino had: One may not shape a myrtle leaf into a funnel or pipe and insert it into the mouth of a bottle or cask.}

What is the reason?
Rav Yirmiya {our gemara: Yemar} of Difti said: It is a preventive measure