Rif Yoma 1b {Yoma 76a continues; 74b; 76b-77b}

HIDE/SHOW IMAGE
1b

{Yoma 76a continues}
How do we know that {refraining from} eating and drinking is called an affliction?
For it is written {Vayikra 16:29}:

כט וְהָיְתָה לָכֶם, לְחֻקַּת עוֹלָם: בַּחֹדֶשׁ הַשְּׁבִיעִי בֶּעָשׂוֹר לַחֹדֶשׁ תְּעַנּוּ אֶת-נַפְשֹׁתֵיכֶם, וְכָל-מְלָאכָה לֹא תַעֲשׂוּ--הָאֶזְרָח, וְהַגֵּר הַגָּר בְּתוֹכְכֶם.

29 And it shall be a statute for ever unto you: in the seventh month, on the tenth day of the month, ye shall afflict your souls, and shall do no manner of work, the home-born, or the stranger that sojourneth among you.

{Yoma 74b}
And they learnt in the academy of Rabbi Yishmael: It is written here {Vayikra 16:29}:

כט וְהָיְתָה לָכֶם, לְחֻקַּת עוֹלָם: בַּחֹדֶשׁ הַשְּׁבִיעִי בֶּעָשׂוֹר לַחֹדֶשׁ תְּעַנּוּ אֶת-נַפְשֹׁתֵיכֶם, וְכָל-מְלָאכָה לֹא תַעֲשׂוּ--הָאֶזְרָח, וְהַגֵּר הַגָּר בְּתוֹכְכֶם.

29 And it shall be a statute for ever unto you: in the seventh month, on the tenth day of the month, ye shall afflict your souls, and shall do no manner of work, the home-born, or the stranger that sojourneth among you.

and it is written there {Devarim 8:3}:

ג וַיְעַנְּךָ, וַיַּרְעִבֶךָ, וַיַּאֲכִלְךָ אֶת-הַמָּן אֲשֶׁר לֹא-יָדַעְתָּ, וְלֹא יָדְעוּן אֲבֹתֶיךָ: לְמַעַן הוֹדִיעֲךָ, כִּי לֹא עַל-הַלֶּחֶם לְבַדּוֹ יִחְיֶה הָאָדָם--כִּי עַל-כָּל-מוֹצָא פִי-יְהוָה, יִחְיֶה הָאָדָם.

3 And He afflicted thee, and suffered thee to hunger, and fed thee with manna, which thou knewest not, neither did thy fathers know; that He might make thee know that man doth not live by bread only, but by every thing that proceedeth out of the mouth of the LORD doth man live.

Just as over there affliction is hunger, so too here affliction is hunger.

{Yoma 76b}
How do we know that {withholding} annointing is called affliction? For it is written {Daniel 10:3}

ב בַּיָּמִים, הָהֵם--אֲנִי דָנִיֵּאל הָיִיתִי מִתְאַבֵּל, שְׁלֹשָׁה שָׁבֻעִים יָמִים.	2 In those days I Daniel was mourning three whole weeks.
ג לֶחֶם חֲמֻדוֹת לֹא אָכַלְתִּי, וּבָשָׂר וָיַיִן לֹא-בָא אֶל-פִּי--וְסוֹךְ לֹא-סָכְתִּי: עַד-מְלֹאת, שְׁלֹשֶׁת שָׁבֻעִים יָמִים. {פ}	3 I ate no pleasant bread, neither came flesh nor wine in my mouth, neither did I anoint myself at all, till three whole weeks were fulfilled. {P}

and it is called affliction, for it is written {Daniel 10:

יב וַיֹּאמֶר אֵלַי, אַל-תִּירָא דָנִיֵּאל--כִּי מִן-הַיּוֹם הָרִאשׁוֹן אֲשֶׁר נָתַתָּ אֶת-לִבְּךָ לְהָבִין וּלְהִתְעַנּוֹת לִפְנֵי אֱלֹקֶיךָ, נִשְׁמְעוּ דְבָרֶיךָ; וַאֲנִי-בָאתִי, בִּדְבָרֶיךָ.

12 Then said he unto me: 'Fear not, Daniel; for from the first day that thou didst set thy heart to understand, and to humble thyself before thy God, thy words were heard; and I am come because of thy words.

{where lehit'anot is taken to refer to affliction}

{Yoma 77a}
How do we know that {refraining from} washing is called an affliction?
For it is written {I Kings 2:26}:

כו וּלְאֶבְיָתָר הַכֹּהֵן אָמַר הַמֶּלֶךְ, עֲנָתֹת לֵךְ עַל-שָׂדֶיךָ--כִּי אִישׁ מָוֶת, אָתָּה; וּבַיּוֹם הַזֶּה לֹא אֲמִיתֶךָ, כִּי-נָשָׂאתָ אֶת-אֲרוֹן אֲדֹנָי ה לִפְנֵי דָּוִד אָבִי, וְכִי הִתְעַנִּיתָ, בְּכֹל אֲשֶׁר-הִתְעַנָּה אָבִי.

26 And unto Abiathar the priest said the king: 'Get thee to Anathoth, unto thine own fields; for thou art deserving of death; but I will not at this time put thee to death, because thou didst bear the ark of the Lord GOD before David my father, and because thou wast afflicted in all wherein my father was afflicted.'

and it is written {II Shmuel 17:29}

כז וַיְהִי, כְּבוֹא דָוִד מַחֲנָיְמָה; וְשֹׁבִי בֶן-נָחָשׁ מֵרַבַּת בְּנֵי-עַמּוֹן, וּמָכִיר בֶּן-עַמִּיאֵל מִלֹּא דְבָר, וּבַרְזִלַּי הַגִּלְעָדִי, מֵרֹגְלִים.	27 And it came to pass, when David was come to Mahanaim, that Shobi the son of Nahash of Rabbah of the children of Ammon, and Machir the son of Ammiel of Lo-debar, and Barzillai the Gileadite of Rogelim,
כח מִשְׁכָּב וְסַפּוֹת וּכְלִי יוֹצֵר, וְחִטִּים וּשְׂעֹרִים וְקֶמַח וְקָלִי, וּפוֹל וַעֲדָשִׁים, וְקָלִי.	28 brought beds, and basins, and earthen vessels, and wheat, and barley, and meal, and parched corn, and beans, and lentils, and parched pulse,
כט וּדְבַשׁ וְחֶמְאָה, וְצֹאן וּשְׁפוֹת בָּקָר, הִגִּישׁוּ לְדָוִד וְלָעָם אֲשֶׁר-אִתּוֹ, לֶאֱכוֹל: כִּי אָמְרוּ--הָעָם רָעֵב וְעָיֵף וְצָמֵא, בַּמִּדְבָּר. {ס}	29 and honey, and curd, and sheep, and cheese of kine, for David, and for the people that were with him, to eat; for they said: 'The people is hungry, and faint, and thirsty, in the wilderness.' {S}

Hungry from {not eating} bread, thirsty from {not drinking water}. Faint from what? Is it not from {lack of} washing?
And perhaps it is from {not} wearing sandals?

Rav Nachman bar Yitzchak said: From here {can we show that it means washing rather than wearing sandals}: {Mishlei 25:25}

כה מַיִם קָרִים, עַל-נֶפֶשׁ עֲיֵפָה; וּשְׁמוּעָה טוֹבָה, מֵאֶרֶץ מֶרְחָק.

25 As cold waters to a faint soul, so is good news from a far country.

And perhaps it means from drinking {water}? Does it state in the nefesh? Upon the nefesh it states.
{One might add that napishtu means neck in Akkadian and this is its basic meaning in Biblical Hebrew, so it states "on the neck" rather than "in the neck."}

Therefore it means faint from {not} washing.
And it is written {as we stated above in I Kings} - וְכִי הִתְעַנִּיתָ, בְּכֹל אֲשֶׁר-הִתְעַנָּה אָבִי.

How do we know wearing of sandals?
For it is written {II Shmuel 16:30}

ל וְדָוִד עֹלֶה בְמַעֲלֵה הַזֵּיתִים עֹלֶה וּבוֹכֶה, וְרֹאשׁ לוֹ חָפוּי, וְהוּא, הֹלֵךְ יָחֵף; וְכָל-הָעָם אֲשֶׁר-אִתּוֹ, חָפוּ אִישׁ רֹאשׁוֹ, וְעָלוּ עָלֹה, וּבָכֹה.

30 And David went up by the ascent of the mount of Olives, and wept as he went up; and he had his head covered, and went barefoot; and all the people that were with him covered every man his head, and they went up, weeping as they went up.

and it is written {as we stated above in I Kings} - וְכִי הִתְעַנִּיתָ, בְּכֹל אֲשֶׁר-הִתְעַנָּה אָבִי.

How do we know {refraining from} sexual relations?
For it is written {Bereishit 31:50}:

נ אִם-תְּעַנֶּה אֶת-בְּנֹתַי, וְאִם-תִּקַּח נָשִׁים עַל-בְּנֹתַי--אֵין אִישׁ, עִמָּנוּ; רְאֵה, אֱלֹהִים עֵד בֵּינִי וּבֵינֶךָ.

50 If thou shalt afflict my daughters, and if thou shalt take wives beside my daughters, no man being with us; see, God is witness betwixt me and thee.'

אִם-תְּעַנֶּה אֶת-בְּנֹתַי - by withholding sexual relations
וְאִם-תִּקַּח נָשִׁים עַל-בְּנֹתַי - refers to taking other women as additional wifes.

{Yoma 77b}
The Sages learnt {in a brayta}: It is forbidden to wash {on Yom Kippur} a small portion of his body, the same as his entire body. And if he is soiled by clay or by dung, he should wash normally and not be concerned. And it is forbidden to annoint {on Yom Kippur} a small portion of his body, the same as his entire body. And if he was ill or has scabs on his head, he may annoint normally and not be concerned.

Thet taught in the academy of Menashe: Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel says: A woman may wash one hand in water and give bread to a child without concern.
They said regarding Shammai the elder that he did not wish to feed with one hand, and they decreed upon him that he should feed with both hands.

What is the reason? Abaye said: Because of the Shivsa.
To explain, an evil spirit.

The Sages learnt {in a brayta}: One who goes to greet his teacher or father, or he who is greater than him in wisdom may enter water until his neck and need not be concerned.

It was a question to them: A teacher to his student, what? And it was not resolved. Therefore it is forbidden.

Rava permitted the residents of Avar Yemina to enter {water} to protect their fruit.
Abaye said to Rava: There is a brayta which supports you: watchers of fruit may enter until their necks into water without concern.

Rav Yosef permitted the residents of Tarba