HIDE/SHOW IMAGE
13b
{Shabbat 32a continues}
when he has a headache, let him imagine that he is put in irons; when he takes to bed, let him imagine that he ascended the scaffold to be punished. For whoever ascends the scaffold to be punished, if he has great advocates he is saved, but if not he is not saved. And these are man's advocates: repentance and good deeds.
{Shabbat 32b}
They learnt {in a brayta}: Rabbi Natan says: A man's wife dies in punishment for [his] unfulfilled vows, for it is said (Mishlei 22:27):
| כז אִם-אֵין-לְךָ לְשַׁלֵּם-- לָמָּה יִקַּח מִשְׁכָּבְךָ, מִתַּחְתֶּיךָ. | 27 If thou hast not wherewith to pay, why should he take away thy bed from under thee? |
Rabbi says: For the sin of [unfulfilled] vows one's sons and daughters die young, for it is said (Kohelet 5:5):
The Sages learnt {in a brayta}: Children die as a punishment for [unfulfilled] vows: this is the view of Rabbi Eleazar the son of Rabbi Shimon ben Yochai {our gemara: just Rabbi Eleazar the son of Rabbi Shimon}. Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi says: For the sin of neglect of Torah [study].
And some say: for the sin of neglect of mezuza. And some say: for the sin of neglect of tzitzit.
Rabbi Shimon ben Lakish said: Be diligent in the miztvah of tzitzit, for he who is observant of fringes will be privileged to be served by two thousand eight hundred servants, for it is said (Zechariah 8:23):
{since knaf means the corner of the garment, this verse, cited only up to "him that is a Jew," is taken to mean that they will do this because of the kanaf which has tzitzit. 70 languages x 10 mean of each language x 4 corners of his garment = 2800.}
They learnt {in a brayta}: Rabbi Nechemiah says: As a punishment for causeless hate, strife multiplies in a man's house, his wife miscarries, and his sons and daughters die young.
Rabbi Eleazer the son of Rabbi Yehuda says: Because of the neglect of hallah there is no blessing in what is stored, a curse is sent upon prices, and seed is sown and others consume it, for it is said (Vaykira 26:15):
heh with the guttural chet, one of the rules allowed for midrash - subsituting letters from the same place of articulation.}
Read not behala (consumption) but rather be-challah (for {not taking off) challah)
But if they give it, they are blessed, for it is said (Yechezkel 44:30):
Iyyov 24:19):
| יט צִיָּה גַם-חֹם, יִגְזְלוּ מֵימֵי-שֶׁלֶג; שְׁאוֹל חָטָאוּ. | 19 Drought and heat consume the snow waters; so doth the nether-world those that have sinned. |
Until your lips are exhausted {yibhlu} through saying, 'Enough!' [dai]
For the crime of robbery locusts make invasion, famine is prevalent, and people eat the flesh of their sons and daughters, for it is said (Amos 4:1):
| א שִׁמְעוּ הַדָּבָר הַזֶּה, פָּרוֹת הַבָּשָׁן אֲשֶׁר בְּהַר שֹׁמְרוֹן, הָעֹשְׁקוֹת דַּלִּים, הָרֹצְצוֹת אֶבְיוֹנִים; הָאֹמְרֹת לַאֲדֹנֵיהֶם, הָבִיאָה וְנִשְׁתֶּה. | 1 Hear this word, ye kine of Bashan, that are in the mountain of Samaria, that oppress the poor, that crush the needy, that say unto their lords: 'Bring, that we may feast.' |
{The proof that this causes the aforementioned punishments is in the continuation of the gemara, which the Rif does not quote here.}
{Shabbat 33a}
As a punishment for delay of judgment, perversion of judgment, spoiling of judgment, and neglect of Torah, sword and spoil increase, pestilence and famine come, people eat and are not satisfied, and eat their bread by weight, for it is written (Vayikra 26:25):
{see the gemara for the actual prooftext, based on this and other psukim}
For the crime of vain oaths, false oaths, profanation of the Divine Name, and the desecration of the Sabbath, wild beasts multiply, [domestic] animals cease, the population decreases, and the roads become desolate, for it is said (Vayikra 26:23):
| כג וְאִם-בְּאֵלֶּה--לֹא תִוָּסְרוּ, לִי; וַהֲלַכְתֶּם עִמִּי, קֶרִי. | 23 And if in spite of these things ye will not be corrected unto Me, but will walk contrary unto Me; |
Vayikra 19:12):
| יב וְלֹא-תִשָּׁבְעוּ בִשְׁמִי, לַשָּׁקֶר: וְחִלַּלְתָּ אֶת-שֵׁם אֱלֹקֶיךָ, אֲנִי ה. | 12 And ye shall not swear by My name falsely, so that thou profane the name of thy God: I am the LORD. |
velo techalelu}
and regarding desecration of the Shabbat, it is written (Shemot 31:14):
{That is, the punishment for all these profanations is learned via the parallel occurrence of this word "profane" from a false oath - that is, wild beasts and all.}
Through the crime of bloodshed the Temple was destroyed and the Shechinah departed from Israel, as it is written (Bemidbar 35:33):
Hence, if ye do defile it, ye will not inhabit it and I will not dwell in its midst.
As a punishment for illicit sexual relations, idolatry, and non-observance of the years of shemita and Yovel, exile comes to the world, they [the Jews] are exiled, and others come and dwell in their place, for it is said (Vayikra 18:28):
Yeshaya 9:16):
Rav Nachman bar Abba cited Rav {in our gemara, this is stated by Rav Chanan bar Rabba}: All know for what purpose a bride enters the bridal canopy, yet against whomsoever who speaks obscenely [thereof], even if a sentence of seventy years' happiness had been sealed for him, it is reversed for evil.
And Rabbar bar Rav Shela said {in our gemara: said in the name of Rav Chisda}: He who puts his mouth to obscenity, Gehenna is made deep for him, as it is said (Mishlei 22:14):
| יד שׁוּחָה עֲמֻקָּה, פִּי זָרוֹת; זְעוּם ה, יפול- (יִפָּל-) שָׁם. | 14 The mouth of strange women is a deep pit: he that is abhorred of the LORD shall fall therein. |
Rav Nachbar bar Yitzchak said: Also [for] one who hears and is silent, for it is said {at the end of that pasuk}:
| יד שׁוּחָה עֲמֻקָּה, פִּי זָרוֹת; זְעוּם ה, יפול- (יִפָּל-) שָׁם. | 14 The mouth of strange women is a deep pit: he that is abhorred of the LORD shall fall therein. |
| ל חַבֻּרוֹת פֶּצַע, תמריק (תַּמְרוּק) בְּרָע; וּמַכּוֹת, חַדְרֵי-בָטֶן. | 30 Sharp wounds cleanse away evil; so do stripes that reach the inward parts. |
The Sages learnt {in a brayta}: There are four signs. [i] Dropsy is a sign of sin; [ii] jaundice is a sign of causeless hatred; [iii] poverty is a sign of conceit; croup {or perhaps Diphtheria} is a sign of slander.
We learn in masechet Sota {Sota daf 42a}:
Rav Chisda cited Rav Yirmiya {in our girsa, this was simply stated by Rabbi Yirmiya bar Abba}: Four classes will not receive the presence of the Shechinah: the class of scoffers, the class of flatterers, the class of slanderers, and the class of liars. {our gemara has a different order}
The class of liars - for it is written (Tehillim 101:7):
| דֹּבֵר שְׁקָרִים-- לֹא-יִכּוֹן, לְנֶגֶד עֵינָי. | 7 He that worketh deceit shall not dwell within my house; {N} he that speaketh falsehood shall not be established before mine eyes. |
The class of scoffers - for it is written (Hoshea 7:5):
| ה יוֹם מַלְכֵּנוּ, הֶחֱלוּ שָׂרִים חֲמַת מִיָּיִן; מָשַׁךְ יָדוֹ, אֶת-לֹצְצִים. | 5 On the day of our king the princes make him sick with the heat of wine, he stretcheth out his hand with scorners. |
The class of flatterers - for it is written (Iyyov 13:16):
| טז גַּם-הוּא-לִי לִישׁוּעָה: כִּי-לֹא לְפָנָיו, חָנֵף יָבוֹא. | 16 This also shall be my salvation, that a hypocrite cannot come before Him. |
| ה כִּי, לֹא אֵל חָפֵץ רֶשַׁע אָתָּה: לֹא יְגֻרְךָ רָע. | 5 For Thou art not a God that hath pleasure in wickedness; evil shall not sojourn with Thee. |
In Your dwelling evil shall not dwell.
And we learn in Erechin {daf 14b}:
They learnt {in a brayta}: Rabbi Eliezer ben Parta said: Come and see how great the power of
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