Rif Shabbat 67a {Shabbat 154b continues ... 156a}

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67a
{Shabbat 154b continues}
Abaye found Rava {our gemara: Rabba} letting his son glide down the back of an ass.
He {Abaye} said to him: You {Mar} are making use of dumb creatures {on Shabbat}.
He {Rava} said to him: It is but on the sides [of the animal] and in that case the Rabbis did not impose an interdict.

And we conclude that the halacha is that the sides [of the animal] are forbidden; the sides of the sides are permitted.

{Shabbat 155a}
MISHNA:
BUNDLES [PEKI'IN] OF SHEAVES MAY BE UNTIED FOR CATTLE AND BUNCHES [KIPPIN] MAY BE SPREAD OUT, BUT NOT SMALL BUNDLES [ZIRIN].

NEITHER FODDER NOR CAROBS MAY BE CHOPPED UP FOR CATTLE, WHETHER SMALL OR LARGE CATTLE;
R. JUDAH PERMITS IN THE CASE OF CAROBS FOR SMALL CATTLE.

Gemara:
Rav Yehuda said: Peki'in and zirin are identical, [save that] peki'in are two [bunches tied together], whilst Zirin are three; kippin are young cedar shoots. And his is what he teaches: BUNDLES [PEKI'IN] OF SHEAVES MAYBE UNTIED FOR CATTLE, but not spread out, but as for KIPPIN, [THEY] MAY [INDEED] BE SPREAD OUT; BUT NOT ZIRIN, [which it is not permitted] to spread out but [merely] to untie.
What is the reason of Rav Yehuda?
Rabba {our gemara: Rava} said: He holds that we may indeed turn something into fodder, but may not take trouble over fodder.
{That is, when the bundles are tied they are not fit for fodder, therefore they may be untied; but it is superfluous indulgence to spread them out, and that is forbidden. Bunches of young shoots, however, are unfit for fodder unless they are spread out; hence it is permitted.}

{Shabbat 155b}
MISHNA:
ONE MUST NOT STUFF A CAMEL [WITH FOOD] NOR CRAM [IT]. BUT ONE MAY PUT FOOD INTO ITS MOUTH;
AND ONE MUST NOT FATTEN CALVES, BUT ONE MAY PUT FOOD INTO THEIR MOUTH.
AND FOWLS MAY BE MADE TO TAKE UP FOOD.
WATER MAY BE POURED INTO BRAN, BUT WE MAY NOT MIX IT [INTO A MASS].
AND WATER MAY NOT BE PLACED FOR BEES OR FOR DOVES IN A DOVE-COTE, BUT IT MAY BE PLACED BEFORE GEESE, FOWLS AND HARDISIAN DOVES.

Gemara:
What does ONE MUST NOT STUFF [OVSIN] mean?
Rav Yehuda said: One must not make a manger [evus] in its stomach.

"ONE MUST NOT FATTEN, [MA'AMIRIN], BUT ONE MAY PUT FOOD INTO ITS MOUTH [MAL'ITIN]":
What is hamra'ah and what is hal'atah?
Hamra'ah: one makes it [the animal] lie down, opens the mouth wide, and forces it to swallow vetches and water simultaneously; hal'atah: he feeds it standing and waters it standing, and puts vetches separately and water separately [into its mouth].

The Sages learnt {in a brayta}: We may mehalkitin fowls -- to explain: he may feed it by hand, and it swallows of its own accord, but he may not place {force} it into its mouth until the place that it cannot return -- and, one need not say, that we may malkitin them -- to explain, that he places it {the food} before it {the fowl} and it gathers of its own accord. But we may not malkitin the doves of the dove-cote or of the loft, and it is superfluous to state that we may not mehalkitin them.
What is the reason? Fowl {tarnoglin} and geese, you are responsible for their food. The doves of the dove-cote and the doves of the the loft, you are not responsible for their food.
Similarly, food may be placed before a dog but not before a swine.
And what is the difference between them? You are responsible for the food of the one, but you are not responsible for the food of the other.

The Sages learnt {in a brayta}: Parched grain may not be mixed {with water and oil to make of it a beverage}, but others maintain, It may be mixed.

Who are the 'others'?
Rav Chisda said:

{Shabbat 156a}
It is Rabbi Yossi beRabbi Yehuda.